A Theory Of Careers And Vocational Choice Based Upon...

Holland Codes RIASEC refers to a theory of careers and vocational choice based upon personality types. Psychologist, John L. Holland, developed the theoretical framework behind the Holland Codes. Each letter or code stands for a particular type: Realistic (Doers), Investigative (Thinkers), Artistic (Creators), Social (Helpers), Enterprising (Persuaders), and Conventional (Organizers). According to Holland, a three-letter code represents a client s overall personality. The test consists of 48 example tasks that you rate by how much you would enjoy performing each on a scale of (1) dislike (2) slightly dislike (3) neither like not dislike (4) slightly enjoy (5) enjoy. The test will take five to ten minutes to complete. The five personal Style Scales had coefficient alphas that ranged from .82 to .87 obtained for both the O*NET Interest Profiler and the Interest-Finder. The O*NET Interest Profiler and Interest-Finder had very high internal consistency estimates across all the RIASEC scales. The reliability estimates, ranging from .93 to .96, are very similar across RIASEC scales and interest measures. In Holland’s Theory, consistency refers to the relatedness of types in the obtained code. Pairs of types next to each other on the Holland Hexagon are more psychologically alike then pairs father away. If the secondary code is composed of two types next to each other the code is consistent. This inventory has been professional developed and validated against establishedShow MoreRelatedanne roes theory of needs and career choice Essay1423 Words   |  6 PagesColorado. Upon graduating from the University of Denver, she attended Columbia University, following the recommendation of Thomas Garth. A t Columbia, Roe worked in the office of Edward Lee Thorndike, graduating with her Ph.D. in experimental psychology under the supervision of Robert S. Woodworm. The publication of The Psychology of Occupations would introduce Roes theory of personality development and career choice, her most enduring scientific contribution. Roe had no experience of careers or vocationalRead MoreDifferential Psychology : Cognitive Ability1723 Words   |  7 PagesThese domains include differences in behavior, personality, cognition, orientation and affect. Differential psychology focuses on these domains, by studying differences in our actions, emotions, intelligences, needs and activities. (Revelle, Wilt, Condon, 2011). This paper will review four domains of individual differences: cognitive ability, personality, orientation (values and interests) and affective disposition. It will also focus on personality, explaining major ideas, themes and theoristsRead MorePost Retirement Issues Experienced By Athletes Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesThe previous sections highlighted post-retirement issues experienced by athletes, (i.e., hardships, future concerns, identity issues, career planning decisions, etc.). To summarize, the literature has consistently supported that most athletes struggle with retirement (Warriner Lavallee, 2008; McGannon Mauws, 2000; Reifsteck, 2011), and that athletes who are forced to retire may experience more transition-related difficulties than those who are not (Lavallee, Gordon, Grove, 1997; HeirdRead MoreTheories of Career Development707 Words   |  3 PagesWe are often told career development is a lifelong journey which incorporates managing learning, work, leisure, and transition in order to propel us toward a desired and ever evolving future; in essence it is about change. Often times when we are at a lost for direction in our career development, we reach out to career counselors for instructions in our pursuit. Counselors now understand w hen assistance is rendered one must consider the economic, cultural, and social background of the individualRead MoreCareer Development Essay1861 Words   |  8 PagesCareer Development Janele Fletcher Adult and Family Development/361 September 7, 2011 Charlene Blount Career Development In this paper I will assess my personality type while determining how it relates to Holland’s Six Personality Types in addition to Costa’s Three-Dimensional Model of Personality. I will discuss early influences of vocations and developing work ethics. Additionally, this paper gives insight of future career goals, mentoring influences, and long-term career goals. PersonalityRead MoreCareer Counseling Over the Lifespan Essay3622 Words   |  15 PagesAbstract Career counseling over the lifespan has more than an occupational focus, it deals with the person’s entire being with a vision that includes one’s lifespan. Career counseling takes into consideration character development, character skills, life roles, individual life and work history, goals, and obstacles. A career counselor not only assists a client with a career plan, but also with a life plan. This paper focuses on two categories of career counseling. The first focus is the historyRead MoreHotel and Tourism Management2178 Words   |  9 Pageshospitality degree programs are mostly inspired by the anticipation of vocational and career outcomes. Connolly, P. and McGing, G. (2006) mentions that designing significant educational programs for the hospitality industry is not a simple and easy task, as there are continually unresolved debates between scholars and practitioners about the suitable balance between academics and profession. Hospitality management vocational degree programs aim at satisfying a common need in the industry for skilledRead MoreCareer Development : A Lifelong Process And Developmental Theory2901 Words   |  12 Pagesdetermining a career path which is intended to help him meet his financial, developmental, social, and personal desires. The individual may be working his way through his grade school years, may be attending a university of higher learning, may be employed in a capacity which does not match his skills or personal values, or he may be unemployed due to termination or disability. Career counselors apply their skills by providing developmental coaching, vocational assessment information, career transitionRead MorePersonal Statement : Mechanical Engineering Degree1324 Words   |  6 Pageswith my many interests, abilities, and personality. My development of interest for wanting to become an engineer started from the beginning. Ever since I was a little girl, I would take apart vacuum cleaners and toilets, always wanting to know how things worked. I remember that my favorite toy as a child, along with building with legos, was a large plastic truck that you could take apart with plastic tools. I would build and rebuild that truck for hours upon hours. My parents always encouraged meRead MoreFactors Impacting Decision Making And Indecision2659 Words   |  11 Pagesoverview in decision theory and its evolution through decision frameworks that have been analyzed and developed to accommodate the ever-changing individual and environment. This is a comprehensive look at the underlying influences on the decision making process. It reaches the span across different specialties from biological to personality. Within those areas it addresses a variety of psychological processes, positive and negatives, through to career focus ed decision theories and impacts on the

Riordan Manufacturing Company Business Systems - 3714 Words

Riordan Manufacturing Company Business Systems Good communication is vital in any organization. Riordan Manufacturing Company is a multi-billion dollar plastics manufacturer, which makes good use of top-of-the-line technological equipment for its home base in San Juan. However, the multi-billion dollar company has yet to implement a solid technological foundation for its various other locations, they are: Michigan and Georgia. Each location has finance and accounting departments; however, communication is minimal between the locations because of a lack of proper software installments and requirements. The San Juan location failed to purchase the application source code from the vender to communicate with the locations in Michigan†¦show more content†¦Most traditional online computing services offer business services that are bundled. Accessing the Cloud, Riordan will only pay for services used while saving the company money. These three characteristics proves that cloud computing is efficient and has more benefit than traditional computing (Hartig, Dec). Human resources Riordan is currently upgrading the current business systems of each department. Management has asked the human resources department to provide information for the current department business systems and subsystems such as: the name of the system, how the systems work together for that department, what information is contained in the system and what security is used for that part of the system. The human resources department will research different business software systems and provide information on a new and secure business software system that will be needed to replace the current system. Riordan is currently using an HRIS system that was installed in 1992 as part of a package system that the financial department is using. The system uses data retrieved from specialized forms and a subsystem of excel spreadsheets. The forms are used by managers and the employee relation specialists. The forms used by managers include employees’ personal information, pay rate, tax information, date hired, seniority date, vacation time, and organizational information. The employee relations specialist also uses forms to track informationShow MoreRelatedRiordan Manufacturing Human Resources Analysis986 Words   |  4 PagesRiordan Manufacturing Human Resources Analysis David Chavez BSA/375 October 14, 2010 John R. Rogers â€Å"Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. an industry leader in plastic injection molding and state-of-the-art design capabilities was established in 1991 by Dr. Riordan Plastics, and has earned international acclaim for its innovative plastic designs† (Apollo Group, Inc.,  2006). Riordan Manufacturing is a company owned by Riordan Industries, a Fortune 1000 industry with yearly revenues in surplus of $1Read MoreExecutive Summary of Business Processes1183 Words   |  5 Pagessummary of business processes and requirements for computer system enhancements. Riordan Manufacturing needs these enhancements to improve its inventory and manufacturing processes. Executive Summary About Riordan Manufacturing (RM) Dr. Riordan, a chemist, started Riordan Plastics in 1991 as a research and development company based on patents for creating high tensile strength plastic products. Riordan Plastics added manufacturing operations and became Riordan Manufacturing (RM) in 1992Read MoreInternal Dynamics, Leadership, And Business Strategy937 Words   |  4 PagesInternal Dynamics, Leadership, Business Strategy The internal dynamics of Riordan Manufacturing must evolve continuously to stay relevant in the market and to retain or increase the company’s chances of success by implementing new business strategies. The implementation of new strategies can change the culture and structural leadership dynamics of the organization. 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Since decisions travel up and down the organizational chart, collaboration between employees and managers on company processes or issues happens in a very structured setting that includes meetings and constant monitoring. Because employees in a horizontal organization are empowered to make their own decisions, collaboration tends to happen more organically. EmployeesRead MoreRiordan Week 4 Chain Supply OPS 571 Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Riordan Manufacturing: Supply Chain Design Paper Riordan Manufacturing, a leading global manufacturer of plastic containers, parts, and fan parts, is wholly owned by Riordan Industries, Inc. Riordan’s fan manufacturing plant was purchased in 1992 when it was located in Michigan. In 2000, the company moved its fan manufacturing operation to China where it now resides. Riordan schedules manufacturing of fan parts based on forecasted production needs using an averaged three year salesRead MoreVirtual Organization Strategy Paper: Riordan Manufacturing1297 Words   |  6 PagesIntroductionRiordan Manufacturing is a global plastics injection molding company, employing 550 people with estimated annual earnings of $46 million. Dr. Riordan, a professor of chemistry, who had obtained several patents relative to processing polymers into high tensile strength plastic substrates, was also the founder of Riordan Manufacturing. Sensing the commercial applications for his patents, Dr. Riordan started Riordan Plastics, Inc. in 1991. Owned by Riordan Industries, which is a fortune 1000 company thatRead MoreHardware and Software for Business Essays1595 Words   |  7 Pagesand Software for Business One of the most important decisions a business will make is the purchase of computer hardware and software for the use of the business. Whether the company is a small Mom and Pop business or a large company with multiple locations, the criteria in deciding the appropriate automated accounting system is similar. Read MoreRiordan Manufacturing Management and Communication Plan Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesRiordan Manufacturing Management and Communication Plan Riordan Manufacturing’s main focus is to find solutions for their customer’s challenges and not be the challenge. In order to do this and maintain these long-standing relationships there will need to be changes to the company’s management and communication plans. These changes will provide more employee satisfaction and efficiency throughout the company. Unfortunately change always comes with some resistance from employees but Riordan IndustriesRead MoreEssay on Ops 571 Week 4 Team1266 Words   |  6 PagesProduction Plan For Riordan Manufacturing Taryn Stewart, Yana Williams, Brynda Mota, Victor Garcia OPS/571 June 7, 2012 Shannon Mathis- Roberts MA,MBA Production Plan For Riordan Manufacturing This assignment will center on Riordan Manufacturing, how they increase productivity, and efficiency. Through the next few paragraphs, it will show how improvements are made to Riordan Manufacturing’s current supply chain. It also touches on how Riordan Manufacturing’s supply chain process extends

Love and Death1 Essay Example For Students

Love and Death1 Essay What happens when two people fall in love? We may think of love as a sweet heart throbbing fairy tail situation, but in reality, unexpected dreadful circumstances often occur. As a couple falls helplessly in love, they become sexually active. Because of this intimate, uncontrollable love, a couple, with extremely high endodorphine levels may make a poor choice about contraceptives. This poor choice may result in a STD or even the life-concluding virus, HIV/AIDS. In this situation the couple develops mixed emotions which may cause a painful breakup leading to depression, which is the number one cause of suicide. Being in love is a sense of excitement, of heightened emotion, heightened senses, of being in the unknown, of abduction, of not being in control of yourselfits like an excuse, I dont now what Im doing. Im in love(Gochros and Ricketts 27). Every day, people all over the world experience this intense description of love. Dr. JM Morris explains this in profound detail. The first step to falling in love is imprinting. Imprinting is finding a specific physical trait that attracts you to a certain person. Then there is a subliminal attraction, which is a personal quality, such as a persons laugh. Next is the hypotaemic stage. When experiencing this stage, a person becomes nervous and develops sweaty palms when their affection is close to them. Then chemical anvetamines in your brain such as dopamine, norepine, and phenye ethyeamine react, causing a natural drug rush. Now that the couple has fallen in love, certain addictions and attachments occur. Dr. Morris continues, The brain chemical, oxytocin, otherwise known as the cuddle chemical promotes a realxed satisfying attraction and strong bonds due to endodorphine levels occur urging the couple to make love. Through this addiction, the brains actually begin to grow together. So now the endodrophine level is at its peak and if is the perfect time and place for the couple to have sex, but there is only one problem, they have no form of contraception. The couple, so in love and naturally drugged on endodorphine, can not resist their feelings and proceed by engaging in unprotected sex. The use of contraceptives have become vital when considering that unprotected intercourse is likely to result in pregnancy and more importantly, it carries a high risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease (Contraception: choosing). There are presently many forms of contraception available to fit a persons cost, comfort and preference. When making this crucial choice, it is important to consider all your options. There are types of co ntraceptives, which are excellent for preventing pregnancy, but have absolutely no effectiveness against STDs.The Combined pill, mini-pill, Depo-Provera, Norplant, IUD, and morning after pill are all in this category (Roland 6). Contraceptives, which prevent pregnancy and STDs, include the male and female condom, spermicides and diaphragms. The male condom is the most common use of contraception for males. It is a protective covering made of latex, polyurethane and it fits over the penis. The condom keeps the semen from entering to vagina(Kronenfeld, Whicker 43). The female condom is not as common and is bulky and difficult to insert and the cost is high. It is a polyurethane sheath that lines the entire vagina and partially covers the external genitals(Birth Control 2). Spermicides are another over the counter contraceptive. These products area type of spermicidle jelly or foam in the form of a capsule inserted into the vagina before intercourse. There are no serious side effects b ut it may be messy. The woman can also use a diaphragm or cervical cap. This is flexible rubber barrier used with spermicidal cream or jelly. It is inserted before intercourse and blocks and kills sperm moving toward the uterus (Emergency Contraceptives 2). All of these contraceptives are effective in stopping pregnancy and STDs but the only thing that can completely prevent sexual mistakes is abstinence. If a couple decides not to use any of these methods of contraception they are at a high risk for sexually transmitted diseases and even HIV/AIDS. Present day, more than fifty organisms and syndromes Kosier 4are now recognized as sexually transmitted. These diseases can lead to serious health problems, and when untreated, can lead to major consequences (Anderson Smith 22). Sadly, STDs can indeed kill and individual, a woman who develops a serious case of pelvic inflammatory may die, and more commonly, a person with AIDs will die (Clinic). The two most common STDs are Chlamydia and S yphilis. Although Chlamydia can be extremely painful for females in the lower abdomen, 80%of the infected hove no symptoms at all. Chlamydia is curable with certain antibiotic. Syphilis, although curable as well, can cause sever damage to the nervous system and other body organs, resulting in long term damage. Other STDs cause painful blisters and warts to develop on the mouth and genitals and anus. Genital herpes, genital warts, and scabies are all included in this category. These sores are extremely painful and sometimes are incurable (Holmes Mardh Sparling Wiesner). Other popular STDs include Garderella Vaginits, Hepatitis A, B, C and D, and Gonorrhea, they all have symptoms including, vaginal discharge, pain while urinating, possible bleeding, ect. Some people have no symptoms at all and most of these STDs can be cured by antibiotics (Clinic). But one STD that can not be cured by antibiotic or any other way is the life concluding disease. HIV/AIDS. HIV is the virus that causes A IDS, this infection damages the bodys immune system that protects the body from disease. As HIV forms to Aids the immune system is extremely weak, when this happens, other diseases and infections inter the body, eventually causing death (Schettler 1-2). The only guarantee to keep from getting a STD is to practice sexual abstinence, but on a more realistic note, it is extremely important to use contraceptives during sexual intercourse to lessen the chances of infection. .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf , .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf .postImageUrl , .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf , .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf:hover , .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf:visited , .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf:active { border:0!important; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf:active , .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud40517e2227f458aa540486c3a0bfccf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Melissa King Argumentative EssayBeing infected with and STD is a very difficult situation. It causes hardship between the sexually active couple, it effects the victims family and friends who care about them, and if the victim is bearing a child at the time, it could effect the babes health as well. The STD might cause a difficult breakup between the two partners, or for teenagers, it creates a conflict between them and their parents. A person may be deeply bothered by long time scares that can effect their future, like women becoming unable to bear children because or the damage done, or even the embarrassment it causes. In many cases the victim falls in a stage of depres sion. Depression, effecting over one in five Americans in their lifetimes the number one cause of suicide (Campbell51). People who have AIDS are at an extremely high risk of taking their own lives (Pahl 3).They dont want to go through the pain of a slow death or wish to face the humility. An infected person may feel dirty and unwanted; this type of depression often leads to suicide (Fagan 8). So now when we think of love, we may see it a little differently after being educated. We can see how love and death can tie together; love leads to sex, allowing high endodrophine levels to make a poor choice of Contraceptives, which, in turn, leads to STDs, HIV/AIDS, which causes depression, resulting in suicide. Bibliography:

International Business Expansion and Strategic Management For Zara

Question: 1.Demonstrate critical understanding and application of relevant theories associated with global corporate policies and strategies.2.Understand the holistic nature of strategy and apply analytical techniques to solve complex problems in real life organizations.3.Demonstrate knowledge of the strategic decision making process through critical analysis of how strategic decision making enables an organisation to relate to its global business environment.4.Critically evaluate and monitor the business mission, objectives and policies of international organisations.5.Use critical reflective skills to reflect on the impact of their understanding on the problem solving process. Answer: Introduction Competition has encouraged the management to adopt and introduce effective strategies for improving the business performance. In this process, the challenges associated with the business execution and development are analysed. This helps in implementing the changes that are considered to be essential for improving the performance of the company. The challenges involved with the business performance and adopting better methods for increasing the performance for the company needs to be analysed. This will help in implementing the changes that are considered to be essential for introducing the changes. Through this method, the management of the company introduce effective measures which would help in the business development (Brenner, 2009). The strategic changes related to the business development and the process that would be followed for the same would be analysed. This will help in implementing the changes that are considered to be important for the successful business changes. Every business houses aim to expand the business activities and reach out to the clients from national and international market. For this, the required changes are introduced by the management. Through this process, the required changes are introduced within the company. 1. Competitive in the fashion industry Competitive landscape as compared to Gap Inc., Hennas Maritz (HM) ZARA is a powerful brand name, which has influenced the buying behaviour of the customers from different parts of the market. The company has operational activities in the USA, Europe, Asia, and Africa. ZARA works in close relation with the clients, and constantly work towards developing new products. The product design time required for the company is 2 weeks, which is not the case with the rival companies like Gap Inc. and H M. Buyers constantly have wide range of new products, which keeps the buyers connected with the company. In order to increase the sales for the company, the management has proposed to venture into the international market, through which the goodwill can be improved. For this, the management has proposed to implement effective strategies through which the shipment costs and the production expenses have been reduced (Arsenau, and Chugh, 2007). The company didnt transfer the production activities to the low costing countries, which was done by the rival companies. Instead of doing so, the company designed effective production activities that helped in retaining the quality of the production process, without increasing the operational expenses. The mission of the company was to cater the needs and preferences of the client, located in different parts of the market. Management of the company was aware of the demand of the customers for new products (Burgers, 2009). This was one of the reasons the management of Zara quickly located the operational activities, into countries where the production activities were feasible and could be carried out without increasing the operational expenses. For this, the management introduced innovative production strategies which also included improving the supply change management system. Through this method, the management had attempted to increase the production activities and improve the sales process, which was one of the most important factors for reaching out to maximum number of clients (Campello et al., 2009). In order to handle the needs of the clients, the company had grouped expert designers from different parts of the world. This was done for introducing new designs and trends for the existing and new customers. In this process, the price of the goods and services were kept low, and the management had intended to upgrade the quality of the products that were maintained by the company. GAP and H and M had hired the services of individual designers instead of hiring group designers. This had affected the quality of sales and productivity. Zara stores were owned by the company, and this had made the difference. The stores were effectively integrated with the retail stores, through which the sales could be made. In order to venture into the international market, the management of the company had proposed to keep the cost of inventory as low as possible. Through this method, the changes required to be implemented for improving the performance of the company were introduced by the management. This change had increased the sales of the products for the company during the years. The annual production for the products were higher than 11,000 annually. Stocks or the inventory of the products were kept at the lowest possible, and the products were sold with 10 days. The old stocks were replaced by new one, which was done to attract the clients (Dhar, and Sundararajan, 2009). The rival companies didnt follow such rules, and this had affected the sales for the products and services. Through strategic planning and implementing process, the company had ventured into the foreign market, which was one of the key requirements for the successful business conduct. In this process, the company introduced effective logistic methods, through which the sales for the products were drastically increased. Clients were offering online services, which had increased the sales for the company. Potential clients could easily reach out to the company, and corrective measures could be implemented for increasing the sales process. The management had introduced online logistic system, through which the required changes within the system could be implemented. For improving the online sales process, the management had introduced the mobile applications, which enabled the management to access the necessary information about the products through online method (Deans et al., 2009). How strategies helped the management to increase the profit? Unlike the rival companies, the company had attempted to handle the requirements of the clients in the best possible manner. Through this method, it was possible to effectively handle the requirements for the company. Strategic changes enabled the management to expand the business activities in more than 77 countries across the world. This included developing around 5,000 stores. Such factors improved the profit earning margin for the company, which increased up to 42 per cent in the first 6 months of 2010. In order to improve the sales for the company, the management proposed to maintain strong and long term relationship with the clients, suppliers, wholesalers, and others. The quality of the clothes and other products had drastically improved and the changes were closely monitored by the company. This had positively affected the sales for the management. Such factors improved the profit earning margin for the company, which was around 15 per cent higher than GAP and HM. The company had proposal to venture into the international market, for which the needs and preferences of the clients were analysed. Through this process, the required changes and the strategic changes for the business development were introduced by the management. By analysing the expectations of the clients, the management had proposed to develop new market, which was essential for the business development. The strategic business expansion plan was monitored and the corrective steps were introduced for increasing the profit earning margin for the company (Dhyne et al., 2006). 2. International business expansion The international business concept is an important term, which enables the management to adopt and introduce changes that would help in increasing the profit earning margin. Through the business plan, it is possible for the companies to improve the sales, which is done after analysing the risks involved with the process. In this process, Zara has adopted and introduced effective sales strategies through which the sales for the company can be improved. Pricing strategies is one of the positive aspects for the company. Through this method, the management develops and introduce corrective strategies, which would help in introducing the better quality products at the lowest possible price. The improved marketing strategy needs to be developed and introduced by the management, which will help in approaching the clients and increase the profit earning margin. Through this process, it is possible to analyse the expectations of the clients, and introduce better changes that would help in inc reasing the goodwill for the company (Davies, 2000). The management has adopted and introduced value creation method, through which the sales process for the company is improved. In this method, the input is taken in the form of capital, which is necessary for the business expansion. The strategic changes and the changes in the business activities are developed and introduced by the management in an effective manner. This would help in developing and implementing effective changes, through which the changes in terms of the business development can be introduced. Business plans includes long and short term goals which is meant to help the company to develop and introduce effective strategies. Value for the products is created by developing new products, which will attract the clients. In this process, the changes and other factors associated with the business growth is developed and introduced by the management (Fang and Rogerson, 2007). Zara introduce new products within a time span of 2 weeks. Within this period, the products are also launched into the market. This makes the marketing process quite important as this will enable the management to introduce the changes that will help in the business development. The facts and figures related to the customer preferences and changes in the production activities are designed and implemented by the management. Through this process, the necessary changes in terms of the business development and strategic changes related to the same are designed and introduced by the management. New products are introduced within the market after analysing the changing fashion trends, which is one of the important factors, through which the plans for the business expansion can be developed and introduced by the management (Filatotchev, and Toms, 2003). For this, the management has planned and introduce continues business development process. This includes analysing the challenges and implementing changes that would be useful in introducing the business changes. Zara has been able to expand the business activities into the international market, due to the strategic planning and implementation of new business plan. With the help of the value creation process, the management of the company could develop and implement changes that are associated with the promotional activities for the company. Supply chain management system In order to keep the production costs as low as possible, the management of the company has proposed to implement changes for marketing and promoting the products for the clients. In this process, the management plans to introduce an effective supply chain management system. Through this method, the company proposes to procure the raw materials required for the production activities at the lowest possible price. This would help in reducing the operational expenses, which is a concern for the management. With the help of the supply chain management system, the company ensures to adopt the best method for distributing the goods and services to the clients at the lowest possible price. Such a factor plans an important role in distributing goods to the clients located at different markets (Ghemawat, 2009). International growth plan includes developing strategies for expanding the business activities to different parts of the market across the globe. The strategic goals for the business process includes Developing new products for handling the clients requirement Introducing changes through which the production activities can be improved. Handling the data, which is required for supply the products to the customers from different parts of the market (Hall, 2008). The rivals of the companies are GAP and H M. such companies have been working towards recapitalizing the profit share in the market. For this, the management has been working towards rendering the best possible services, through which the clients could be provided with the best options. In this process, the challenges and other factors related to the raw materials and labour handling has been taken care of in the right manner. The needs of the customers have been changing due to the availability of different products in the market, and economic crisis. The company intends to approach the clients from various markets, and for this, the challenges associated with the business expansion has been planned and introduced in the right manner (Glyn, 2006). Retailing process Through the retailing process, it is possible for the companies to develop and introduce better strategies for increasing the sales. In this process, the product changes are introduced by the management of the company after analysing the expectations of the clients. For this, the changes and production activities are planned and introduced in the right manner. The changes in the business activities are communicated with the clients. An effective feedback is taken from the clients, as this would help in implementing the changes that would be useful for the business development. The business cycle consists of different steps or factors like The procurement of the raw materials Production process (Kleshchelski, and Vincent, 2007). Introducing the products for the clients and collecting feedback Business cycle model The product market is quite competitive and the challenges involved with the process are quite complex. Business cycle model concentrates on developing and implementing effective strategies through which the products can be sold to the clients in the right manner. The competitive markets are analysed and accurate information related to the business strategies are adopted and introduced by the management. With the help of such a system, it is possible to analyse the external and internal changes that can affect the business performance (Messina, 2006). 3. corporate social responsibility, environmental dimensions, and strategic leadership CSR In order to tackle with the CSR factors, the management of the company has adopted environmental friendly methods for packing. Through this method, the required changes related to the business development have been analysed. This would help in implementing the changes that are considered to be essential for the business development. In this method, the company proposes to use recyclable materials for manufacturing the products. This would cause less harm to the environment. In the similar manner, the packing materials selected by the company are intended to cause less harm to the environment. The information related to the production activities are shared with the stakeholders and clients. Through this process, the management intends to improve the information sharing method which is considered to be necessary for the business development. Environmental dimensions The production and distribution method proposed to be adopted by the company is meant to help the management to adopt and introduce better methods for increasing the production activities. Through this method, the changes and other challenges related to the business development is proposed to be implemented in the right manner. In this method, the strategic changes related to the business development have been introduced after analysing the challenges involved with the environmental dimensional factors (Christiano et al., 2005). Strategic leadership Through the leadership factors, the management of the company proposes to introduce changes that would be useful in improving the performance. The members of the company are motivated to work towards the goal achievement, which is one of the important factors for the business development. Through this process, the necessary changes and other factors associated with the business development process are designed and introduced by the management in an effective manner. This would help in implementing the changes that are considered to be essential for the business development. The strategic changes are related to the future goals and important business changes that are opposed to be implemented by the company. The leaders believe in sharing the information related to the business strategies. Through this method, the changes related to the business challenges are associated with the implementation of strategic changes. The members or the staffs of the company are encouraged to participat e in the discussion process, which is one of the most important factors through which the corrective steps can be introduced by the management. The challenges associated with the production activities are well designed and corrective measures are implemented for achieving the set target (Cloke, 2009). 4. Personal reflections on learning Strategic leadership and well-designed business plan helps the business to achieve the set target without affecting the operational expenses. The process adopted by the management depends upon the objectives of the company, and the challenges that are associated with the steps. In this method, the strategic changes and other factors associated with the business process needs to be analysed and corrective measures needs to be introduced by the management. Through this process, the management of the company could analyse the challenges and introduce effective strategies through which the right measures can be introduced for achieving the target. The challenges involved with the business development have to be analysed, as this will help in implementing the changes that are considered to be important for expanding the business to different markets. The value creation method enables the management to design and adopt better process, through which the corrective measures can be introduced by the company. In this process, the challenges and other factors associated with the business execution needs to be developed and introduced in the right manner. The strategic changes related to the business development needs to be analysed as this will help in reaching out to different markets. Business expansion plan is quite challenging and the necessary changes related to the business development needs to be implemented. Through this process, the challenges related to the business development have to be developed and the corrective measures needs to be analysed. Through this method, the challenges existing with different markets can be analysed, and corrective measures for improving the production activities can be introduced. In this process, the challenges and opportunities can be developed and introduced by the management. This is one of the important factors through which the necessary changes can be implemented to develop the business (Cooke, 2002). Conclusion The changes related to the business development needs to be planned and implemented in the right manner. Through this process, it is possible to analyse the challenges and introduce corrective steps which would help in the business development. The complexity related to the business development has to be analysed as this will help in introducing the changes that would help in the business development. Complexity related to the business development needs to be analysed as this will help in analysing the challenges and corrective measures can be introduced by the management. Through this process, the strategic changes related to the business development can be introduce after evaluating the future goals of the company. References Arsenau, D. and S. Chugh (2007). Bargaining, fairness, and price rigidity in a DSGE environment. International Finance Discussion Papers, No. 900, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Bils, M. and P. Klenow (2004). Some evidence on the importance of sticky prices. Journal of Political Economy 112(4), 947985 Brenner, B. (2009) 'The Value of Increasing Investment in Employee Benefits during an Economic Downturn', Journal of Financial Service Professionals, 63, 1, 29 31. Burgers, W. (2009) 'Marketing during economic downturns', Financial Times, Managing in a Downturn Series, February 5, online at: https://www.ft.com/reports/managingdownturn Campello, M., Graham, J. and Harvey, C. (2009) 'The big freeze', Financial Times, Managing in a Downturn Series, February 5, online at: https://www.ft.com/reports/managingdownturn Christiano, L., M. Eichenbaum, and C. Evans (2005). Nominal rigidities and the dynamic effects of a shock to monetary policy. Journal of Political Economy 113(1-45), 346353. Cloke, J. (2009) 'An Economic Wonderland: Derivative castles Built on Sand', Critical Perspectives on International Business, 5, 1/2, 107 119 Cooke, H. (2002) Survival strategies for corporate real estate in uncertain times, Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 4, 4, 365 374. Davies, K. (2000) The Asian Economic Recession and Retail Change: the Implications for Retailer Strategies in Asia, International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 10, 4, 335 353. Deans, G., Kansal, C. and Mehltretter, S. (2009) 'Making a Key Decision in a Downturn: Go on the Offensive of be Defensive?', Ivey Business Journal Online, Jan/Feb Dhar, V. and Sundararajan, A. (2009) 'Plugging in to transformation', Financial Times, Managing in a Downturn Series, February 5, online at: https://www.ft.com/reports/managingdownturn Dhyne, E., L. Alvarez, H. L. Bihan, G. Veronese, D. Dias, J. Hoffmann, N. Jonker, P. Lnnemann, F. Rumler, and J. Vilmunen (2006). Price changes in the Euro Area and the United States: Some stylized facts from individual consumer price data. Journal of Economic Perspectives 20(2) Fabiani, S., M. Druant, I. Hernando, C. Kwapil, B. Landau, C. Loupias, F. Martins, T. Math, R. Sabbatini, H. Stahl, and A. Stokman (2006). What firms surveys tell us about price-setting behavior in the Euro Area. International Journal of Central Banking 2(3), 347. Fabiani, S., C. Loupias, F. Martins, and R. Sabbatini (2007). Pricing Decisions in the Euro Area: How Firms Set Prices and Why. New York: Oxford University Press. Fagnart, J., O. Pierrard, and H. Sneessens (2007). Microeconomic uncertainty and macroeconomic indeterminacy. European Economic Review 51, 15641588. Fang, L. and R. Rogerson (2007). Product market regulation and market work: A benchmark analysis. NBER Discussion Paper 12981 Filatotchev, I. and Toms, S. (2003) Corporate Governance, Strategy and Survival in a Declining Industry: A Study of UK Cotton Textile Companies, Journal of Management Studies, 40, 4, 895 920 Ghemawat, P. (2009) The Risk of Not Investing in a Recession, MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring, 31 38. Glyn, A. (2006) Capitalism Unleashed: Finance, Globalization and Welfare, Oxford University Press, Oxford Hall, R. (2008). General equilibrium with customer relationships: A dynamic analysis of rentseeking. mimeo. Kleshchelski, I. and N. Vincent (2007). Market share and price rigidity. manuscript. Messina, J. (2006). The role of product market regulations in the process of structural changes. European Economic Review 50(7), 18631890.

Movie Summary 22 Jump Street Essay Example

Movie Summary 22 Jump Street Essay This movie turns out to be my one of the favorite college life movie. Though the movie is dramatic, and the story line is based on finding the drug dealer, finding the killer of Synthia Watson, the movie also depicts a college life in United States of America briefly. The movie gave me aidea how a class room works. One of the professors in the movie really explained how a class should work. Regardless of those topics that were funny, I actually got the idea what a professor want from their classes. They want it to be interactive, interesting, class where there is flow of thoughts coming in and out instead of 60 students just staring at him for 3 hours lecture. In the movie, when Doug and Brad get into a fight they ended up in an advisement office of their psychology professor. I liked the way and a program how professors try and help to solve problems of students. It’s like getting a counseling class. Then I got the idea how professors are, they are friendly, they share a lot about their experience, knowledge, help you in any problem relating in their field. The second thing I knew was your age doesn’t stop you from getting an education. When Brad and Doug in the movie got enrolled in MC STATE COLLEGE they were probably beyond the age of 30s. This was pretty cool and new stuff from me, I’ve never seen an older guy coming into my classroom and studying with me. This movie also gives an idea of how is it like to stay in dorm and to share a room. It shows lists of items that are necessary to stay in the dorm. Dorms are especially for those students who are new to the college and new to the entire place. Movie didn’t actually explain the rules at the dorm but it seemed dorms are not a strict place. Furthermore, the dorm that was shown in the movie both men and women stayed at the same building. You would not have a private bathroom; there would be a single bathroom for multiple rooms. The system of changing our classes and major We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary 22 Jump Street specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary 22 Jump Street specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Summary 22 Jump Street specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Grapes of WrathMovie vs Book essays

Grapes of WrathMovie vs Book essays In John Ford's film The Grapes of Wrath, the audience travels along with an Oklahoma family that has set out to find wealth and privileges in California during the Great Depression. The film was taken from John Steinbeck's classic novel The Grapes of Wrath. The filmakers intentions in putting this novel to screen was to show how the impact of the Great Depression effected the families of that time. The film was taped in a journalistic, documentary-style black and white texture which helped create a strong feeling of poverty and realism to the audience. The filmakers did a good job at recreating scenery to make the plot as real as possible. The use of actual dialect of the Okies, was helpful to make the dialogue as realistic as possible. Throughout the movie the family's clothing, possessions and even the car added to the effect that Steinbeck had created when he wrote his novel long ago. As the movie progresses, there is actually two stories, one of the individual journey of the Joad family, and one for telling the general plight of the migrants. The director shows the individual family to show that the migrants are really people and to bring their plight home to the audience. The general story is told to show how it is affecting large numbers of people. Throughout the movie, we watch the Joads progress from a concern only for themselves and their own personal welfare to a concern for all the people in the world. This shift from individual thinking to wide spread thinking is most directly seen in the actions of Tom Joad. When we first see him at the beginning of the film he is mainly concerned for his own welfare. He wants to make up for all the things he missed when in prison. Later on in the film he is more concerned with the welfare of the family. When we last see him he has shifted to trying to do what is best for all the migrant people by trying to organize them into striking. He tells his ...

Why terror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Why terror - Essay Example The revolution was equally a very bloody affair which saw many of its proponents beheaded at the guillotine for political reasons. The revolution ushered the reign of terror, a period in the history of the country that was truly dark. The revolution also ushered a new era of freedoms and common men like Napoleon were able to rise to the highest position of power. This paper will, therefore, look at the events that came to be known as the reign of terror. Why Terror? For clarity of this event, it is important to look at some issues that played a part in the events effecting of the reign of terror. One of these issues was the dismissal and banishment of Minister Necker, from France, and whose popularity with the masses was felt to have eclipsed that of the king2. This was because he was proposing to introduce reforms that would upset the set balance of things. Coupled with this was the fear in the people of the reprisals from the emigres as well as foreign powers sympathetic to the bou rbon monarchy3. This was a period of great unease among the Parisians whose city, Paris, was to be the theatre of activities that would determine the fate of the revolution. To add to this was the flight of the reigning monarch Louis XVI to Varennes, a city that was along the way to the fortress of Montmedy. It was in this fortress, in Northern France, that the King was hoping to launch a military offensive to regain his throne. The fortress was still held by royalists, therefore, the King hoped to capitalise on this to gain an upper hand. In Paris, his current place of residence, the king was weakened and there was little he could do without having the revolutionaries counter him if it was unfavourable to them. He, therefore, opted to attempt the flight. He was, however, captured and brought back to Paris and even underwent humiliating experiences for his actions. Despite a majority of the assembly that governed France at the time ‘accepting’ the King’s explanat ion as not an escape, but more of ‘abduction’ there were some within the Assembly who refused doing so4. This minority that did not go along with the rest was that of the Cordelier Club5 that was mainly made up of Jacobins, a club that was at the foremost in promoting the French Revolution. This group was of the opinion that there should be a consultation with the populace and the punishment of the King. It is important to acknowledge the threat the king posed to the revolution due to the fact that he was alive. There was always threat of danger from royalists within the republic as well as those that were not in the country. One such strong influence was the Duke of Brunswick. In August, there was a manifesto circulated in France in which the Duke threatened to attack and dominate France if the King and his family were subjected to any inhuman treatment6. The king was to later be guillotined, and other aristocrats were to meet the same fate as the king. The terror upon the aristocracy was an attempt of the revolutionaries to rid themselves from any challenge that would threaten their existence. It was not a unanimous agreement to execute the enemies of the state. There were some dissenting opinions from groups like the Girondins. This group of legislators were a more liberal thinking club in comparison to the radical Jacobins. With the execution of the King, the Jacobins had gained more power in comparison to the Girondins. Due to their liberal approach, the Girondins did not see the need to have mass executions of all the aristocrats7. The rivalry between these two clubs was so fierce that their members were always armed8. This rivalry did not stop at the intellectual or ideological level, it went further than that. The Jacobins led by among other Robespierre,

The meaning of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The meaning of Life - Essay Example Such theories seek to find some essence that characterizes the behavior of things in some general domain of study: physical phenomena, life, the mind, language, and so on. Questions like "What is the mind" or "What is life" presuppose the meaningfulness of such a quest for general knowledge. We do assume that there is a nature of things, and we are led by the metaphysical impulse to seek knowledge at higher and higher levels, defined by ever more general categories of things. A person will somehow seek for self-actualization. They say, in becoming self-actualized, you already stop seeking because you already have achieved a concept of the meaning of your existence. Thus, people get some good education, earn some money, build a good family and do something that will eventually follow the dreams they have been yearning for. And yet, some people discover later on that getting what you want could still not satisfy the questions about the meaning of their lives. People have to struggle to achieve these things and it is in their quest that they learn lessons about life. Every triumph and every failure adds something up to yourself and you always strive to become better the next time around. Apart from our internal struggles in how we achieve the lives we want, there so many external things that also influence on how we live our lives.

Professional development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Professional development - Essay Example The project, which will probably involve an element of problem solving, can relate to any aspect of the organisation so long as it is considered to be of use to the company. It is important that on completion of the project you obtain from your employer a written statement (on official company stationery) which gives his/her opinion of your performance in carrying out the investigation and presenting your conclusions and recommendations. The statement should comment on the overall benefit to the company of the investigation and any recommendations that you make. List in the order of Books, Journals and Website the sources you used in the Harvard Style. Remember the information here must relate to the in text referencing that has been included in the Harvard style throughout the main report, According to Learnthenet.com (2008) Â  netiquette, a term coined from either network etiquette or Internet etiquette comes in handy. To guide you through your online communications, here are a few pointers: When you talk with someone, the tone of your voice conveys great meaning. To add personality and humour to your messages, use smileys, also known as emoticons, expressions you create from the characters on your keyboard. A few popular ones include: Keep your written communications to the point. Few people like reading text on a computer screen. Many people now receive e-mail on cell phones and other portable devices. The tiny screens make reading lengthy messages particularly challenging. This is true whether you send e-mail or post messages online. To keep messages short, use some common abbreviations: A favourite is , which stands for Rolling on the Floor Laughing. A shortened version is --Laughing Out Loud. And if you get called away whilst in the chat room or on Windows Live Messenger try --Be Right Back. Remember that anything you post to a blog, newsgroup, forum or website

Looking At The African Traditional Religion

Looking At The African Traditional Religion To discuss the question that Christianity should not influence African Religion, but that African Religion can also enrich Christianity, it is important to state what the two religions are and the misunderstanding that has locked up the two Religions. It is equally very essential to mention the concepts, which were at one time concrete to African Traditional Religion before the coming of Christianity in Africa. Therefore, in this paper, my major concern is to discuss issues that indeed African religion has contributed to the enrichment of Christianity In this paper, it is also important to discuss what Christianity and African Traditional Religions are all about. Therefore, Christianity is a religion believed to have been founded by Christ. Christ is believed to be the supernatural Son of God and mediator between people and God. He is considered to be the ancestor in Christianity belief. He is believed to have died and rose from the dead, interceding for human beings. Christianity is a religion that acknowledges the existence of the Supreme Being, God the almighty the creator of the unseen and seen things. This supernatural Being is called by different names such as the provider, just as he has been given different names and attributes in African Traditional Religion. Christianity is the religion that has practices and beliefs that are believed to be the teachings are well as the works Jesus Christ. It is believed to have been brought to African by the Europeans. It is a foreign religion in Africa from the western world. When the missionaries were spreading the Christian beliefs and practices, they used also their culture to dominate other people including Africans; who at the time already believed in African Traditional religion. As for African religion, many people say that it is not easy to define. It has made scholars fail to understand and explain it fully. As a result they have ended up defining African Religion using terminologies, which are misleading. They have described African Traditional Religion as magic, animism, primitive religion, ancestor worship and many more wrong descriptions. Nevertheless, African Traditional Religion is believed to be the oldest religion. It is believed that the beliefs and practices of the African tradition religion are indigenous that have been in existence from time immemorial for indigenous black African people. In other words, African Traditional Religion is part of the mental cultural heritage of indigenous Africans and are able source of identity and consciousness, morality and spirituality, in all spheres. It is passed on through traditional education done by elders of the community. Wilsons idea of educating that: Education involves initiating people into various forms of thought and activity in such away that they are helped to become better informed, more understanding and more reasonable. (Wilson 1971:1) However, Wilsons view is that traditional religious education by elders through oral or handing down of culture in Africa attempts to be as its set emphasis on keeping the tradition. The African Traditional Religious view on religion is not an influence from Christianity, but rather enrichment to it. However, African Traditional Religion is very essential in that it is universal, unifies and disunites and diverse in nature. Religion is human experience found in all societies in various forms. Holm (1975:7). States that a religion is vital, universal and that every human being has a form of religion. Her argument is based on the assumption that every person has farther concern in life. Therefore, a religion is not only about Christianity. Hence, it is important for African Traditional Religion to enrich Christianity. Despite that African Traditional Religion unifies, Africa being a multi racial, multi ethnic, multi religious and multi culture and belief, it enriches other religions like Christianity. Nevertheless, African Traditional Religion can play a role effectively as it assists to remove bigotry and fanaticism among Christians; it helps Christians to realize that human beings are equal and that they should respect others their ways of life and beliefs. Such realization comes about by African Tradition Religion objective teachings. In this way it can play the significant role of holding society together in the spirit of Ubuntu- which of a spirit of oneness, the spirit of love one another as yourself in the Christian concept. Actually the Religion is said to have no founder and has no sacred books such as the Bible for the Christians. The beliefs and practices of African Traditional Religion are said to have been handed down from generation to generation by both verbally and as well as by the practical performances as narrated earlier on. African Traditional Religion is based on communitarian kind of lifestyle. That is, living as tribes or clan and as extended families, hence there are so religious because of these many tribes or clans in Africa, but Africans themselves remain in union as they have common God to whom they worship. Despite having many religions, It is generally agreed that there is one African Religion because they have common and important beliefs such as the Supreme Being as already stated above. The Religion puts man on the center as a central concern, the universe, life, death and life after death. The religion does not separate believers from unbelievers. There is no demarcation between them. Everyone is welcome in the society because Africans are born into the religion. They born and live in it wherever theres an African, religion is there too whether in field, at school, at funeral etc. The religion has influence on all affairs of life starting from before birth of a human being through life itself and even after death. It is centered on life and how to protect it against misfortunes such as sickness, infertility, death and many more adversaries that can happen in human life. African Religion embraces Spiritual, political and social aspects of human beings. Its practices and beliefs are based on the faith of the ancestors. This is what makes African Religion a traditional belief. The beliefs and the concepts of beliefs are found in the idea of God, the creators of all things; the concept that has enriched Christianity. The beliefs are expressed in different ways from culture to culture but the same presence of God permeates the lives of Africans. God is believed to be a higher Being Personal with Feelings that he/she can be offended or be appeased. God is thought to be mysterious and he is named according to his manifestations, for this reason God can be referred to as Greatness, Holy, the Provider, and Healer, Protector, Deliverer, and many more attributes. All these titles reflect the same to Christianity, therefore no influence to African religion. It is believed that God can be communicated to through the ancestors those who have died, just like what happens to Christianity through Jesus. This is one of the issues which Christianity have misunderstood African Religion so that they have always wanted to influence African Religion. While at the same time they are the same valuable elements, which are used in Christianity. African Religion and Christianity are in constant misunderstanding though they are compatible. When Christianity was brought to Africa, Europeans thought that Africans did not have knowledge about God. They thought African Religion was all about worshipping of ancestors and that it was a primitive religion just as stated earlier on. I conquer with Richard Gehman when he said that we should not think that the missionaries were preaching the gospel to Africans whose heads were empty or may be to think that Africans are not aware of the existence of God. For example, in African religion the spirit of oneness has been a practical issue that existed long before. This deals with the African concept of the community. In Africa, nouns like cousin, niece, nephew, uncle, and aunt does not exist. In Africa, one may have many fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters. Brothers to their father are also their fathers, and sisters to their mother are their mothers too. That is how the African communit y is set up. Extended families are appreciated. This is what Christianity of the western world should do. Westerners who brought Christianity should embrace the extended families too, and embrace everyone as members of the same family. Oneness has no limit to nuclear family like Westerners who brought Christianity; it extends beyond the ancestral tree to clan and so forth. The Christian religion instead preaches of love your neighbour, which is enrichment from African religion of oneness. Moreover, there is uniformity in African religion. All what they believe in are the same everywhere, unlike Christianity which different in Africa and in the western world. The missionaries dominated African with their western culture to try to influence African culture. They coupled African Religion and culture with Christianity; hence the failure to harmonize the two and what has come out is misunderstanding. Like in the Ngoni tradition ceremony (Ncwala) of the people of Zambia, the culture of giving thanks to God for the harvest of the new crops is a long outstanding issue back dated to the time of our ancestors. This has been enrichment to Christianity, being given a name of Harvest Sunday. Africans in their religion knew that there was a supreme being who deserves appreciation. Hence traditional ceremonies like the Ngonis. The crops are presented before the Paramount Chief for thanksgiving now. And a Chief can be equalled to a Priest in the Christian circles, whom also performs similar duties of that of a chief; though through different mediators, ancestors for the African religion and Jesus Christ for the Christians. Misunderstanding intensify because the westerners came with their own ways of living and thinking together with Christianity as stated earlier on and tried to rob African religion. Despite the misunderstanding that has been exhibited between African Religion and Christianity it is important to mention that the two religions are compatible Though Christians think that African religion is a religion of ancestral worshipping, the African religionist have indicated that it is not about worshipping the ancestors, but rather to honour the ancestors just as Jesus is honoured What Christianity has failed to understand is the reason why African Religion venerates and not worships the ancestors. Actually African Religionists have said that we do not worship ancestors, we remember them and thank them. Veneration is honouring the ancestors and their spirits. This is one of the values, which are similar to Christian denominations like the Roman Catholic, and the Anglican churches do the veneration when commemorating the saints. These are believed to play a similar role as intermediaries and are believed to be closer to God who is the Supreme and Supernatural Spiritual Being. In African religion, life is perceived to be sacred. There is almost a feeling a divine imperative that life must be lived, is to be enjoyed and to be honoured. No wander both Religions believe that people continue to exist even after death and there is need to remember them as Mbiti said that as much as Christianity and African Religion are aware of the existence of God, they would also remain in contact with him through intermediaries. It is believed that the spirit of the living dead of those who have died in fourth to fifth generations ago became ancestors who mediate between God and those who are still living. Mbiti also explains that the natural relationship and the sacred status are included in this ancestral. In African tradition religion there is a very high sense of the sacred. There is a reverence of sacred places and persons, and it enfolds the whole of life. The relationship ties continue to exist. Hence they are venerated in remembrance of them as though they were still alive. Now Christianity holds the some similar belief that death is not the end of the relationships between the living and the dead. That is why there is the remembrance for the departed ones. This is what the west failed to understand why African Religion honours the dead. For example, the ideas of Religions about faith in the Supreme Being, ideas about morality and worship are concrete to both Christianity and African Religion. Unfortunately such concrete issues and many others have been neglected in Christianity whilst African Religion has been up holding them. African religion is actually being urged to enrich Christianity by urging it to reinstate the lost values. As seen in 1 Corinthians 14:36, Paul gives a picture of what an African would ask the Christians that the values of life can not only come from the whites but from Africans too. African Religion has something to offer the west as Peter. K. Sarpong states that; African Traditional religion challenges Christianity to re-appraise it self with regard to the main concepts which once were its pillars, but now are disappearing or becoming irrelevant Sarpong may mean that Christianity has lost very important elements needed for the better relation between human beings and God as well as among people themselves. Like what is happening today, homosexuality is tolerated among Christians who was at a certain time criticised but in African religion it has remained an abomination- a taboo up to today. Lastly, as a person born in Africa and attached to an African tradition, can proudly say that there is nothing that African tradition religion can enrich from Christianity. Christianity instead, enrich from African religion. And I have observed that there is some wrong perceptions about African religion practices that are actually in some form performed in Christianity, and just failed the other religion.

The Living Dead of Afghanistan Essays -- Essays Papers

The Living Dead of Afghanistan Travesties are committed against women every day, in every country, in every city, town and home. In Afghanistan women are not only discriminated against, they are publicly reduced to animals. Women are deprived of basic human rights: they are not allowed to travel outside their homes without being completely covered by the traditional shroud-like burqa; they are not allowed to speak or walk loudly in public; they are not allowed to laugh or speak with other women; they are not allowed to attend school nor work; they are expected to be invisible; they are the ghosts of what were once educated, notable, and successful women. With their ruthless and extreme laws, the Taliban have effectively removed the physical presence of women in Afghanistan. The Taliban have stolen the very souls of these women and have turned them into the â€Å"living dead† of Afghanistan. The Taliban’s harsh restrictions and extreme religious laws have tainted the freedoms and basic human rights of the once valued and prominent women of Afghanistan. In 1996, the Taliban took control of Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. A report by the U.S. Department of State describes that this takeover was done in a very brutal and violent manner and the Taliban left the proof of their victory hanging in the streets of the city for over a week (par. 2). In Jan Goodwin’s article, Buried Alive, it is written that the men who are in charge of enforcing the laws of the Taliban are called the Department of the Propagation of Virtue and the Suppression of Vice; these men also punish citizens who disobey the laws. The majority of this group is made up of fifteen year old boys carrying machine guns, but also consists of men arme... ...stated in an interview with reporter Jan Goodwin that: â€Å"Our current restrictions are necessary in order to bring the Afghan people under control. We need these restrictions until people learn to obey the government† (par. 48). Women’s lives have changed drastically since the Taliban took control of Afghanistan. They have been deprived of basic human rights and been reduced to faceless figures that roam the streets of Afghanistan like ghosts. Most of the world could never imagine the shock of not being able to go to work or wear your regular clothes, to be deprived of such things would be utterly terrible. The Taliban have tried to smother the flames of these women but they refuse to die they refuse to stop shining. These women are strong and will eventually overcome the oppressive rule and rise up from the ashes from which they have been forced to lay.

Critical Thinking Essay Essay

Critical thinking includes the component skills of analyzing arguments, making inferences using inductive or deductive reasoning, judging or evaluating, and making decisions or solving problems when evaluating academic content. Background knowledge is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for enabling critical thought within a given subject. Critical thinking involves both cognitive skills and dispositions. These dispositions, which can be seen as attitudes or habits of mind, include open- and fair-mindedness, inquisitiveness, flexibility, a propensity to seek reason, a desire to be well-informed, and a respect for and willingness to entertain diverse viewpoints. There are both general- and domain-specific aspects of critical thinking. Empirical research suggests that people begin developing critical thinking competencies at a very young age. Although adults often exhibit deficient reasoning, in theory all people can be taught to think critically. Instructors are urged to provide explicit instruction in critical thinking, to teach how to transfer to new contexts, and to use cooperative or collaborative learning methods and constructivist approaches that place students at the center of the learning process. In constructing assessments of critical thinking, educators should use open-ended tasks, real-world or â€Å"authentic† problem contexts, and ill-structured problems that require students to go beyond recalling or restating previously learned information. Such tasks should have more than one defensible solution and embed adequate collateral materials to support multiple perspectives. Finally, such assessment tasks should make student reasoning visible by requiring students to provide evidence or logical arguments in support of judgments, choices, claims, or assertions. Critical thinking is an important element of all professional fields and academic disciplines when evaluating academic content. Within the framework of scientific skepticism, the process of critical thinking involves the careful acquisition and interpretation of information and use of it to reach a well-justified conclusion. The concepts and principles of critical thinking can be applied to any context or case but only by reflecting upon the nature of that application. Critical thinking forms, therefore, a system of related, and overlapping, modes of thought such as anthropological  thinking, sociological thinking, historical thinking, political thinking, psychological thinking, philosophical thinking, mathematical thinking, chemical thinking, biological thinking, ecological thinking, legal thinking, ethical thinking, musical thinking, thinking like a painter, sculptor, engineer, business person, etc. In other words, though critical thinking principles are universal, their applicat ion to disciplines requires a process of reflective contextualization. Critical thinking is considered important in the academic fields because it enables one to analyze, evaluate, explain, and restructure their thinking, thereby decreasing the risk of adopting, acting on, or thinking with, a false belief. However, even with knowledge of the methods of logical inquiry and reasoning, mistakes can happen due to a thinker’s inability to apply the methods or because of character traits such as egocentrism. Critical thinking includes identification of prejudice, bias, propaganda, self-deception, distortion, misinformation, etc. Given research in cognitive psychology, some educators believe that schools should focus on teaching their students critical thinking skills and cultivation of intellectual traits. Socratic method is defined as â€Å"a prolonged series of questions and answers which refutes a moral assertion by leading an opponent to draw a conclusion that contradicts his own viewpoint. Critical thinking skills through Socratic method taught in schools help create leaders. Instructors that promote critical thinking skills can benefit the students by increasing their confidence and creating a repeatable thought process to question and confidently approach a solution. Students also accomplish follower-ship skills that can be used to probe the leader’s foundations. Critical thinking skills through Socratic method serve to produce professionals that are self-governing. However, Socratic method for critical thinking skills can become confusing if an instructor or leader uses the method too rigidly, the student may not know what the instructor or leader wants from him. An instructor or leader may disillusion the students if he uses particular style of questioning. Instructors must reveal their reasoning behind the questions in order to guide the students in the right direction. â€Å"Socratic method can serve twenty-first-century leaders to instruct students, mentor protà ©gà ©s, motivate followers, advise other leaders, and influence peers. In conclusion, â€Å"critical thinking is the disciplined art of ensuring that you use the best  thinking you are capable of in any set of circumstances when evaluating academic content. The general goal of thinking is to figure out some situation, solve some problems, answer some questions, or resolve some issue It also is a process in which a person pursuits reliable and pertinent information about the world. Critical thinking is often described as reasonable, ruminative, trustworthy, and a well practiced form of thinking that assists people with deciding what they should believe in and what actions should be taken. A practiced critical thinker will ask good questions, collects pertinent data, categorizes common characteristics, logically reasons with the new data and then he or she will come to a trustworthy and dependable conclusion. Critical thinking makes use of many processes and procedures. Some processes include but is not limited to asking questions, making judgments, and identifying assumptions.

Body Art Essay Example

Body Art Essay Example Body Art Paper Body Art Paper Body art is a practice whereby people use forms of artistic expression to decorate their bodies in order to indicate their status, religious devotion, desired protection against the evil and diseases. People express themselves for many different reasons for getting various forms of body art. Some could mean personal expression, cultural expression while other continues to decorate their bodies as means of remembering some important time or event in their lives. In different cultures, various parts of the body are painted and the pattern of painting may reflect age, gender or social status. In the United States women decorate their faces with cosmetics after they reach puberty while in some societies; men mark their adult status by painting designs on their babies. Babies and children may also be adorned by painting designs on their bodies or faces. There are different styles of body art and these include; a) Scarification- is the process of decorating the body by inflicting wounds and allowing wounds to heal. It is performed by people trained in the art. The marks can be of different shapes and form a decorative pattern. This is common among the Samoans b) Tattooing- is widely practiced worldwide and is a procedure of permanently marking the skin with ink or dye. The process is painful and extensive tattoos are a mark of stoicism. Various parts of the body may also be pierced or otherwise surgically altered. c) Piercing- is a procedure in which a sharp instrument is passed through a fold skin or part of the body. The process is very painful and it takes time for a person to decide to go for it. d) Body paint- is a temporary form of body art which includes Mehndi. Mehndi is the Indian tradition of decorating a womans hands and feet with henna dye, originally done to celebrate her wedding. The patterns are very intricate and usually take several hours to complete. e) Permanent Makeup- is a form of tattooing. This makeup is most commonly applied to eyebrows, upper and lower eyelids and lips. It can last anywhere from four to six years. f) Body Play or Shaping- is the most severe form of body art. It includes body suspension, waist/corset training, implanting foreign objects under the skin, e. g. , inserting metal spikes into the skull or inserting marbles under the skin Body art practice in some societies is highly regarded. In most societies body art is/ was done with a reason and it depended with the occasion, the status of a person in the society. In some communities body art showed some form of bravely because the experience is very painful. When members of one culture consumes the visual arts of another, the social and the cultural context shifts and in the process the tastes and expectations of the outside consumers may reshape and redefine the artistic or culture that produced the art objects. Body art has created jobs for those who are practicing it. Many people are being trained to do body art. At the same time some forms of body art are being related to crime as some body marks depict crime or any other social vice. However body art if not done properly on the body can be a health risk as it involves body piercing which can lead to bacterial or viral infection and other complications which may be harmful to the body. References Mari Womack (2000) Being Human, 2nd Edition Lahn D. (1999); Body Piercing; St. Martins Griffin

bowlbys deprivation hypothesis essays

bowlbys deprivation hypothesis essays Evaluate Bowlbys Deprivation Hypothesis In his hypothesis, Bowlby believed that an infants failure to attach to a primary caregiver would have long term effects. This essay will attempt to evaluate Bowlbys deprivation hypothesis. Firstly, the terms attachment and deprivation will be defined. Following that, a full definition of the hypothesis will be made, and then an attempt will be made to describe and understand the studies and period of history that lead to Bowlbys ideas and the influence they generated. A full evaluation will be made of his deprivation hypothesis, including detailed criticisms of his theory. Finally, conclusions will be drawn to show if Bowlbys deprivation hypothesis can still retain any credibility. The first task is to define the terms attachment and deprivation. In 1973 the leading attachment psychologist, Mary Ainsworth, pointed out that Attachment is an affectional tie that one person forms to another person, binding them together in space, and enduring over time. Deprivation can occur when there is insufficient opportunity for interaction with a mother figure (privation), when there is insufficient interaction with mother (masked deprivation), or when there are repeated breaches of ties with mother figures. In 1949, the World Health Organisation became concerned about the number of homeless children, or children who were growing up in institutions as a result of the war years. They commissioned Bowlby to look into this matter, and to report to them whether these children were likely to be suffering from their experiences, and what the best kind of upbringing for such children was. Bowlby concluded that a warm intimate and continuing relationship with a mother figure is an essential precondition for mental health. Maternal deprivation or a disturbed emotional attachment between mother and child was said to cause i...

English Renaissance Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

English Renaissance Poetry - Essay Example The connection between art and nature in English poetry had begun and later flourished during the Romantic Period, especially with poets like Wordsworth, Shelly, Keats, Byron, Blake and Clare. "According to Ross, the earlier Renaissance, exemplified by the pastoral poets Sidney, Spencer and Breton, tended to see nature as a norm, art as a corruption (Richard Ross' analysis of Herrick, E. in C, XV, 1965, 171-180)1. But Taylor concludes that 'both Nature and Art were necessary to any accurate, complete view of the world'. Nature needs the nurture of man's art. In sixteenth century, word 'art' had a derogatory sense of 'false or counterfeit imitation.' While describing Temple of Venus, Spencer sees art and nature as working partners2: The synthesis of art and nature is existent throughout, but nowhere it is more apparent than in Book VI. Sidney is another poet/writer who made a great contribution in this direction, as admitted by many scholars over the years. Sidney celebrates poet's power in reinventing the nature. It was a peaceful period in history when there were no wars, arts were flourishing and natural ecology was untouched by man, people were good and just and literature was just emerging out of age-worn clichs. People in rural areas literally lived supported by Nature, and these poets were in tune with them, which can be seen by the harmonious poem The Garden of Marvell. The most per SPENCER AND THE FAIRIE QUEENE: The most perfect way art could imitate nature, is shown by Spencer's works. This English epic poem of Spencer published in 1590 in three books, was an allegorical work praising Queen Elizabeth I. In introducing pastoral kingdom to English literature, Spencer seems to have followed the footsteps of Homer and Virgil (Eclogues). As a matter of fact, all Renaissance humanists followed Virgil's footsteps in their veneration of nature, and combined it in various forms of arts. Sidney said "Pastoral was thought to be the humblest type of poetry" (p.943), and Spencer hoped to be the new pastoral Virgil of Renaissance. Pastoral poetry presents an idealistic picture of rural life, where Nature and Art combine together to create an Utopia or Shangri-la. These poets showed enormous understanding and compassion towards Nature and Art both. Usually it is the result of a humanist education and love for nature, which later reflected in the poetics of William Wordsworth. It has love, seduction, death, mourning, nature's ever-caressing and soothing presence, and the art that stems out of imitating the nature. Spencer's view of nature is always considered to have contained 'contradiction'. In the 8th canto of the 4th book, Spencer gives reasons for the decay of nature, while saying the world 'has runne quite out of square'..the heavenly bodies rove at random, even the sun it is feared, in time, "will us quite forsake". Spencer later gives a more harmonious picture of the nature: In sort as they were formed aunciently; And all things will reduce unto equality. (V.ii.32). In later days, pastoral poetry was strengthened by the mighty Shakespeare, while the early Renaissance poets only managed

Case Study of Pepsico-2009 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of Pepsico-2009 - Case Study Example The two key threats facing Pepsico may be seen as the considerable level of competition from key players in the market such as Coca-Cola and Kraft who both have large resources and capabilities to compete. In addition, the continuing economic downturn may be seen as a key threat to the company. Pepsico’s key weakness may be seen as one related to the company’s cost management system. While the company is financially strong, it has struggled to maintain costs proportionate to sales growth. Market Focus – In the first instance Pepsico should continue and accelerate a policy of expanding its core product range into new markets were there is considerable potential for sales growth. Such markets include China, the Middle East and Africa. Product Portfolio Analysis – It has become clear that there has been a large change in demand on the behalf of consumers in the US and Europe with declining sales in traditional carbonated drinks and rise in demand for healthier options. As such, in these geographic areas Pepsico should focus energies into developing and marketing a range of alternatives to the tradito9nal carbonated drink and develop a clear healthy brand. Cost Reductions – While the company is considerably profitable and has a strong balance sheet, costs have been rising disproportionately to sales growth. As such, Pepsico should embark on planed cost efficiency drive to help being expenses back into line with sales growth and maintain profit margins. The rational for undertaking the recommended action plan is based upon the consideration of a number of key factors. Changes to the product mix in the US and Europe are designed to take account of changes in consumer demands for healthier products. On the other hand, key opportunities exist for large scale expansion in markets such as China where there is

4.2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4.2 - Essay Example (Fielding, 2001) In early childhood, patients with Dyslexia find it hard to know direction and differentiate between left and right, experience delay in speech and suffer from letter reversing. It seems hard for schoolchildren to generate or even identify rhyming words; they also cannot segment words to different sounds, and these students mostly tend to add or omit words during writing or reading. Moreover, it becomes hard for them to count syllables in words and retrieve them while they still cannot name problems (Hoien, 2000). Schools with student who suffer from dyslexia always maintain structured daily routines. This assists them know what to do, how and at what time. These schools should also embrace methods and channels that provide learning through a combination of visual and audio elements. For this, pupils to perform well academically also these schools should provide a platform in which these students can use and build additional resources to the best of their interests. AcceleRead Accelerate software gives complete instructions on how to use the computer in text to speech software. The software helps in teaching students who experience literacy hardships to improve in writing, reading, spelling, and listening skills. It is composed of perforated, color-coded flash cards with record sheets, along with flash cards that are blank, which one can use to print their own sentences. This software requires installation of a text-to-speech engine in the pupil’s computer. It also aids students with Dyslexia in writing letters at specific times. Here he learns to read and write because of the introduction of irregular and tricky words (fielding, 2001). Martin’s school can also introduce the use of a unit of sound online; this is a new way that helps in reading, dictation, spelling and boosting of memory. Unit of sound is a cumulative, structured and multisensory program me that teaches the

Thermopylae Speech Essay Example for Free

Thermopylae Speech Essay The battle at Thermopylae was a long awaited battle, after both powers Athens and Persia submitted to a 10 year inter-war period from 490BC to 480BC, in order to carefully prepare a second invasion from the Persian’s, following the humiliating defeat of Darius at marathon. Xerxes actions were motivated by revenge and the urge to burn Athens to the ground, just like Sardis, however he knew it would not be easy. The Persians spent multiple years recruiting new infantry from all areas of its Empire, gathering a total of 500,000 new soldiers,archers, cavalry and inmortals for the second invasion. Not only this, but Xerxes determination to conquer the Greeks was so great he ordered his engineers to build a Poonton consisting of 314 ships crossing the Hellospont for him and his troops. The Greeks received information regarding the numbers and desires of the Persians from spies they sent to Sardis, Xerxes headquarters. Having experience gained from previous Persian campaigns, they knew that in order to battle against such super power , they had to form alliances to fight for one common goal, despite the fact they belonged to different races and were organized into city-states. In Autum of 481 B.C. , A Pan-Hellenic meeting was held in Corinth , having 31 cities attending the meeting besides a few that did not. Unanimously Sparta was given leadership of the army and the fleet under the command of King Leonidas, although the general defense plan was commanded by the Athenian Themistocles, who foresaw the battle will be determined on the seas, if only the pass between Central to Southern Greece was guarded. Fighting in the open land would be fatal as they lacked cavalry units and were highly outnumbered, 3 to 1. Thermopylae was the perfect site. The pass itself was narrow, situated between the sea and the steep cliffs. It had a length of about 9 km and narrows in three places: at the eastern and western ends there was room for only one carriage, while the middle section was 15 m wide. The Greeks would use this to their advantage, because it was so narrow, even with an army as big as the Persian’s had, only a small number could genuinely fight at any one time. This enables a minimal manpower to hold off enormous armies for long amounts of time, which is exactly how Spartan combat was fought. The Hellenic Army, reached Thermopylae at the beginning of August. In total, a force of about 7000 to 8000 men was assembled. The numbers were again given by Herodotus: 300 Spartans, 700 Tegeats, 550 Mantineians, 300 from Arcadian Orchomenos, 1,000 Arcadians in general, 600 Corinthians, 460 from Phlian, 150 Mycenaeans, 800 Thespians, 450 Thebans, the complete army from Opuntion Locrain and 1,000 Phocians. The Pass would prevent the enemy from developing his land forces while the small channel of the Evripou prevented the possibility of the Hellenic Fleet being encircled. In addition, a fortifications had been built by a 1000 Phocians to the east of the central pass of Thermopylae in Anopaia to defend the other entry. By defending the Pass the Greeks would be able to apply a withdrawal strategy and at the same time wear out the enemy and cause him serious casualties and lower his morale. They were very fit, agile, used to marching with heavy armory, they knew the land and their weapons were heavier and more effective. The hoplite phalanx that the Spartans formed was a compact, moving metallic wall of shields and lances. In comparison to Persian armory which was minimal, soldiers wore bright robes with chain armors underneath, carried a long shield called spara and spears much shorter than the Greeks or if they were archers a caved wooden bow. Inmortals were more equipped , having a bronze armor, helmet a bronze square shield for better grip and a axe. Thinking that the Greeks were impertinent and reckless, he sent Medes and Cissians with orders to take the Greeks prisoner and to bring them back alive. The resistance they encountered however was tough, and the same result was achieved by the â€Å"Immortals† who were sent into battle led by General Hydarnes. Their casualties were high and they were forced to withdraw during the night. In fact, as Herodotus characteristically reported, Xerxes jumped up three times from his throne as he watched the battle, fearing for his army. Like the first day, Persia’s second attack was again unsuccessful. Forcing the Empire to retreat with high losses. Xerxes was perplexed and while pondering what to do, a Greek named Ephialtes, son of Eyrydimos and Malida, presented himself and informed the King that the Lakedaimonian positions were accessible from the Anopaia path. That same night, Hydarnes and the â€Å"Immortals† proceeded along the path, guided by Ephialtes With the retreat of the Phoebians at the pass of Anopaia, Leonidas dismissed the remaining Greeks, to be left alone standing with his 300 spartans and a few thebians , encircled agains 10,000 inmortals. Defeat was quick thanks to Persian arrows. Herodotus was the only writer who recorded the events of the battle but this was done nearly a generation later, so reliability may be questioned. Numbers and dates are often regarded as incorrect due to the tendency of exaggeration from Herodotous. According to Herodotus, the main force was to arrive later, after the completion of the Carneia Festival in Sparta and the Olympic Games. However, the festivals did not prevent the Peloponnesian Fleet to sail, which is very contradictory . Apart from the exaggeration and reliability, both Herodotous and modern historian Tom Holland agree upon the importance of Thermopylae.The sacrifice of these men remains in history forever as the most characteristic expression of Spartan bravery, according to Tom. Leonidas managed to safeguard the honour and fame of Sparta, as well as the withdrawal of his allies, while at the same time delaying significantly the advancement of Xerxes and causing serious losses to his forces while raising the morale of the Greeks, who finally crushed the Persians during the naval battle at Salamina just a few weeks later. If it wasn’t for Leonidas army and all the other city states that fought alongside, there was a major possibility that Greece would have been lost to Persia, and most of its future influence in the world such as art, philosophy , language, architecture and maths would have been erased. Therefore Leonidas time delay against the Empire was crucial for Athens to prepare for the naval battle at Salamis.