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Strategic Analysis of Bus Maker on a different Route - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4810 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Strategic management is an important part of an organization in regard of preparing and organizing well structured and well managed strategies for running the business. In this way, many aspects are included to identify the impact on strategic management of the firm. Wrightbus is founded in 1946 that is a bus and coach builder firm that works in UK market. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategic Analysis of Bus Maker on a different Route" essay for you Create order It was the family owned business of Mr. Wright his father Robert Wright and his son. There are many factors those impacted the strategic management of the firm. In this, organizational structure, management style and culture are the main points. The firm follows traditional values and cultural principles to run its business. It has a positive impact on the strategic management along with the little bit negative impact. Wrightbus focuses on the innovation and technological advancement that is a positive point for the firm. So, the firm has many strategic options to develop its strategies like, Porters five force model, CAGE model, Ansoff matrix, competitor analysis framework and market entry mode to enter in the international market. To consolidate and develop the operations and export activities in the US market, the firm has many options like, SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis, Critical success factors, Value chain analysis and BCG matrix. These will help the firm to develop its ope rations in the US market. Table of Contents 3 Introduction 3 Critical Analysis 4 Strategic Option 11 Consolidating and Developing Activities 15 Consolidating Activities in the UK market 15 Develop Operation Activities in United State 18 Conclusion 22 References 23 Introduction In the global era of competition, strategic management plays a profound role in managing the organization in well structured way to attain the sustainable competitive advantage and position. The main purpose of the strategic management in an organization is to analyze and aware the firm and management about the internal and external factors for developing effective and strong marketing strategies (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2009). Alignment of corporate policies with the strategic priorities in a better way is the main objective of the strategic management. In the report, strategic business environment and their impact on Wrightbus Company are analyzed. Wrightbus Company is founded in 1946 by Mr. Wright and his father Robert Wright. The firm deals in providing bodies of buses or vehicles. The firm follows traditional values for running its business (Katsioloudes 2006). There will be a discussion about the impact of organizational structure, culture and management style on the stra tegic management of the firm. Strategic options for developing international business of the firm are also discussed. There will be also discussion on the effective strategies to the firm for growing export in US and international market (Brunninge, Nordqvist Wiklund 2007). Answer 1 Critical Analysis Analysis of Organizational Structure, Management Style and Culture To analyze the impact of organizational structure, management style and culture on the Wrightbuss strategic management, many aspects are included. These are as follow: Organizational Structure and Corporate Governance: Organizational structure refers to a framework that involves coordination, supervision and task allocation. In the organizational structure of an organization, power distribution and management of the firm are included that affect the strategic management of an organization (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2009). Mainly in the organizational structure five steps are included that have great impact on the strategic management of the firm. These are formalization, centralization, integration, complication and institutionalization. These affect the strategic management of the firm. Governance signifies to the protection of the interest of shareholders by following governance devices. In this, many a spects like, internal and external stakeholders are included those affect the strategic management of the firm (Katsioloudes 2006). As stated in the case that Wrightbus follows traditional organizational structure that is not fit according to the present business environment. Along with this, the firm follows employees welfare programs to protect the interest of its employees (Brunninge, Nordqvist Wiklund 2007). The organizational structure and governance of Wrightbus might impact the firms strategy positively and negatively. If the management will follow modern organizational structure and governance activities for the firm, it might affect positively to strategic management of the firm in terms dividing power and other tasks in the firm according to the interest areas of the employees (Brunninge, Nordqvist Wiklund 2007). On the other hand, if the firm will not follow effective organizational structure and corporate governance to run its business, it might negatively impact on the firms strategic management in terms of poor strategic management. It might negatively result in the form of loss or low profit (Katsioloudes 2006). Leadership style and Approach: Leadership style shows to the way of treating or guiding the employees or subordinates to do better job. Leadership style and approach also affect the strategic management of the firm. As discussed in the case that the firm uses participative leadership style to treat employees and making more effective work to achieve organizational goals (Zastrow Zastrow 2008). If the firm will follow innovative or creative leadership approach to run its business, it might affect positively to Wrightbuss strategic management in terms of supporting its strategies to attain the goals of the firm. On the other side, if the firm does not follow appropriate leadership style and approach to treat its employees, it might negatively impact on the firms strategic management in terms of failure of the strategies (Harris on St. John 2008). Core Competencies and Source of Competitive Advantage: Core competencies refer to the position for a firm that is not possible for its competitors to imitate. It shows the collection of skills and technologies of the firm to fulfill the needs and provide benefits to its customers (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2009). Competitive advantage refers to the position of the firm in the competitive industry. There are many sources to gain competitive advantage like, flexible strategies, resources, capabilities and skills. In the case, it is shown that the firm uses traditional business strategy and after it adopts modern strategy to attain competitive position in the competitive working environment (Drejer 2002). Core competencies and sources might also affect Wrightbuss strategic management. If the firm will adopt flexible strategies to run its business sand distribute tasks in the firm, it might result positively in terms of strong strategic management. If the fir m will not adopt or use these aspects in right manner, it might result negatively in terms of poor strategic management and also affect the strategies of the firm (Drejer 2002). Cultural norms and values: Cultural norms and values indicate to the beliefs, values and ideas of the people or employees in an organization. In the organizational cultural norms, sharing of the information and data are included. In Wrightbus, cultural norms and values might impact on the strategic management. It might impact positively or negatively to the strategic management of the firm on the basis of cultural environment in the organization (Schuler Jackson 1999). In this way, common and shared cultural norms and values might impact positively on the strategic management of Wrightbus through supporting its strategies to attain competitive advantage. At the same time, different and unshared cultural values might harmfully impact on the strategic management through creating conflicts among the e mployees. So, cultural norms and values might impact both side to the firms strategic management positively and negatively (Huotari Iivonen 2004). Cultural Web analysis Framework: To understand the effect of cultural impact on organizations strategic management, cultural web analysis model can be used. It will make easy to understand the impact of this factor on the strategic management of Wrightbus (Hartman, Dziuban Moskal 2007). It can be discussed as follows: (Source: The Culture Web 2010) Paradigm: It contains all factors around it those might impact on the strategic management of the firm. These are as follow: Rituals and Routines: In the cultural web model, first element is the rituals and routines. In the rituals and routine, daily basis of actions and behavior of the people are included that indicates to the accepted behavior. It indicates to the expected behavior of the employees in the organizational situation and along with this, the expected behavior by the management of the firm (Elliott, Swartz Herbane 2002). As stated in the case, the workers of Wrightbus make the vehicles partly by hand that is included in the rituals and routines of Wrightbus. It might affect the strategic management of the firm in the case of changing day to day behavior of the employees in terms of implementing strict strategies in the firm (Thomas 2005). Stories: Stories can be anything like past event that is organized by the firm and that being the reason to talk about that by insiders or outsiders of the firm. In this, working environment and attitude of the management towards the employees are considered by the management that being the reason to be stories for the firm. In the case, many aspects are being the cause to be stories like, caring nature of the management of Wrightbus towards its employees (Haynes 2002). Along with this, Wrightbus is known as a buckle on the Bible belt. It also indicates to the stories about Wrightbus among its customers . In this, values and beliefs of the customers are affected by the stories of Wrightbus. It might impact the strategic management of the firm positively and negatively by impacting its customers and employees (Hartman, Dziuban Moskal 2007). Symbols: Symbols is the third element of cultural web model. It indicates to the visual attraction point of the firm in terms of companys representation way, logos and dressing sense or codes. As discussed in the case that Wrightbus has great symbols in terms of having church ground and employee welfare officer that are its effective symbols. It might affect the strategic management of the firm by affecting cultural norms of the customers and employees (Haynes 2002). Power Structures: Power structure is associated with the authority of the firm in manner of distributing power among the employees of the firm. In this, decisions of the management influence the strategies and operations of the firm. In Wrightbus Company, Mr. Wright and some s elected employees have authority to take decisions (Elliott, Swartz Herbane 2002). Power structure might influence positively and negatively on the strategic management of the firm. Organizational Structure: Organizational structure illustrates the distribution of the power along with the relationship status and recognition of the valuable contribution of the employees in the success of the firm. In Wrightbus, decision making power is not centralized and involves all employees to suggest their overview on any decision (Thomas 2005). It might impact optimistically and harmfully on the strategic management of the firm as opposed by the employees of the firm. Control System: Control system is associated with the monitoring management of the firm in the form of financial system, rewards and recognition of the employees. As stated in the case that son of Mr. Wright gave his contribution in the green pastures and donation that indicates its effective control system. It has a positi ve impact on the employees as well as customers mind (Elliott, Swartz Herbane 2002). In accepting or rejecting these, it might impact on strategic management of Wrightbus. McKinsey 7S Framework: To analyze the impact on the strategic management of the firm, McKinsey 7S Framework can be used. In this, hard and soft elements are included. These are as follow: (Source: Joseph/mohapatra 2009) Strategy: Continues improvement and technological development are important aspects of Wrightbuss strategy. In this way, the firm focuses on innovation in producing new buses. Through adopting and applying modernization and changing environment, the firm may produce advanced technical buses and implements modern strategy (Burtonshaw-Gunn 2009). Structure: According to the case, from 1946, Wrightbus is a family owned business (Joseph/mohapatra 2009). Structure of Wrightbus is related with the authority and establishment of the firm. System: In the system of the firm, internal flow of the information is recognized. In Wrightbus Company, information related to any issues or any process that contribute their support in the strategic management flown by meetings and other informative tools. Decentralizations system of Wrightbus is included in this (Cacioppe Edwards 2005). Style: Style is related with the way of influencing the employees of the firm by providing guidance or other way. As discussed in the case that Mr. Wright and Mark Nodder used to organize meetings to address the staff about any decisions of the firm (Joseph/mohapatra 2009). So, change in the style might also impact on the firms strategic management. Staff: In Wrightbus Company, employees are employed according to the strategies of the firm. As stated that Mr. Nodder said in the meeting that 235 employees might have to go from the organization. This change in number of staff might also influence the strategic management (Cacioppe Edwards 2005). Skills: The important and effective skil ls of the firm are its decision making power and its innovation strategy. According to the innovation strategy, the firm produced many hybrid and advanced technological vehicles that was fit into its strategies (Burtonshaw-Gunn 2009). So, deviation in skills might also influence the strategic intents of the firm. Shared Value: Shared values of Wrightbus are very effective and efficient in order to make effective image in the employees and customers mind. Having church ground and environmental initiative programs indicate to the shared value of the firm according to its strategies (Cacioppe Edwards 2005). So, shared value might also influence corporate image of the firm in a positive manner. Answer 2 Strategic Option To find out the strategic option for Wrightbus, different factors should be analyzed by the management to develop effective strategies for entering in the international market. These options are as follow: Porters Five Force Model: To enter in the international market, it is imperative for Wrightbus to identify the attractiveness of the particular industry. For this, porters five force model can be used. The points are as follow: (Source: Carpenter, Bauer Erdogan 2010) Threat of new Entrants: Threat of new entrants depends on the entry barriers available for the particular industry. If the entry barriers are high, threat of new entry barriers are low. On the other side, if entry barriers are low, threat of new entrants are high. It affects the industry attractiveness (Henry 2008). In this industry, due to high competition, threat of new entrants is low, so it indicates to the attractiveness for Wrightbus Company to develop or expand its market. to Threat of Substitu te Product: Threat of substitute can be related with the alternative products. Due high innovative and technological products, threat of substitute products can be increased for Wrightbus. In this, many factors can be the cause of switching by the customers like, price, high technological and aesthetic look of the buses and coaches (Ahlstrom Bruton 2009). So, by producing innovative and hybrid buses, the firm can increase its customer base. Rivalry among Existing Firms: Rivalry among the existing firm is high in this industry due to presence of many competitors. In this industry, many firms work as Wrightbus, Alexander Dennis and other competitors in the UK (Henry 2008). It is threat to the firm. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Bargaining power of the buyers is low in the industry. It is an attractive point for Wrightbus. At the same point, transport authorities are the main buyers of the firm (Ahlstrom Bruton 2009). Bargaining Power of Suppliers: In the industry, bargaining power of supplier is high as compared to buyers due to presence of many companies. It is an unattractive point of the industry (Henry 2008). So, this can be used by the firm as a strategic option to develop the effective strategies for the business and to identify the market attractiveness for the particular industry. CAGE framework Analysis: In the CAGE framework, many factors are included those are important for the firm to analyze, to develop effective and strong strategies for internationalization (Hjort-Madsen 2007).These are as follow: Cultural Differences: It indicates to the beliefs, values and attitude of customers those differ from country to country. It may affect the strategies and products of Wrightbus Company in terms of accepting or rejecting the firms product (Ghemawat 2007). Administrative: It indicates to different working and political environment in different countries. Wrightbus should analyze the working environment before entering in any market (OShea 2007). Geographic: In this, distance among the countries is included that is an important part of the firms strategy. Wrightbus needs to analyze the geographic distance to save the money from shipping and delivering cost and to make effective strategy for internationalization (Hjort-Madsen 2007). Economic Differences: In the economic condition of particular country is included. Wrightbus requires identifying the economic condition of the particular country before entry in international market. It may affect the selling of the products of Wrightbus in terms of disposable income of the customers (Ghemawat 2007). Competitor Retaliation Framework: Competitor retaliation framework is used by the firms to increase the rigorous competition for the close rivals by taking relevant close actions. According to the framework, Wrightbus needs to examine the actions of its close rivals and take appropriate actions for effective internationalization (Beamish Ashford 2006). It w ill help the firm to adopt effectively for successfully running its business in the international market. In this, the firm should introduce hybrid and high technological vehicles to attract the international customers (Combe Botschen 2004). Market Mode Entry Strategies: To enter in the international market, Wrightbus can use different methods. These methods are as follow: Export: The firm can enter in the international market through exporting its vehicles in the foreign countries. In the market, where the demand of the product is high; the firm can enter in that market through exporting its products (Gitman McDaniel 2008). Joint Venture: Joint venture is another strategic option or way to enter in the international market. It is more important option for the firm in terms of minimizing the risk of investment in the foreign market. By using this option, chances of profitability and success will be increased (Onkvisit Shaw 2004). Direct Foreign Investment: Wrightbu s can enter in the international market by investing its money directly in the foreign market. The negative point or aspect of this option is that the risk is increased. On the other side, whole profit will be owned by the firm itself that is the positive factor of this option (Gitman McDaniel 2008). Ansoff Matrix: (Source: Luck 2008) By using Ansoff Matrix, strategic direction for Wrightbus can be analyzed to enter in the international market. Wrightbus focused on the innovation to produce its products in the local market (Luck 2008). To enter in the international market, the firm should focus on the diversification strategy to enter in the new market (Johnson, Scholes Whittington 2009). Through producing hybrid and high technological vehicles those consume less fuel, the firm can enter effectively in the international market. According to the Ansoff Matrix, diversification strategy will be better for the firm (Groucutt 2008). On the basis of above discussion, it can be stated that there are many strategic options for Wrightbus to enter in the international market. By adopting these options and actions, the firm can establish successfully itself in the global marketplace. Answer 3 Consolidating and Developing Activities In order to give effective and efficient recommendation for consolidating and developing activities for Wrightbus in the Northern Ireland and United State market, various characteristics are included. In this, macro and micro environmental analysis and competitors analysis will be included. Part A Consolidating Activities in the UK market For consolidating existing business of Wrightbus in Northern Ireland, different aspects will be included. These are as follow: PESTLE Analysis: From organizing the PESTLE analysis, industrial environment can be identified in Northern Ireland. It will support Wrightbus to consolidate its existing business. Included factors are as follow: Political: In the UK, constitutional monarchy and Commonwealth realm type of government is functioning. Through following this law, the firm can consolidate its business in Northern Ireland or in the UK market (The World Fact Book 2010). Economical: In the UK, per capita income is high that indicates to the positive growth of the firm. Through providing products according to the customers purchasing power, Wrightbus can consolidate its existing business in the UK market (Capdevielle, Li Nogal 2007). Social: In the UK social infrastructure, people like to travel by buses, trains and tubes. So, there is an opportunity for Wrightbus for consolidating its business with transportation firms in the UK market (The World Fact Book 2010). Technological: UK automotive market is most advanced and highly technical. Through producing advanced technological buses and other vehicles, Wrightbus can consolidate its existing business in Northern Ireland and all in the UK market (Capdevielle, Li Nogal 2007). Environment: In the UK, there are many strict rules and pressure on the firms for protecting environment, while producing the products. Through reducing carbon and other wastage, the firm can increase chances of the success of its existing business in the UK market (The World Fact Book 2010). Legal: Legal environment is strict in terms of policies and rules related to buying cars or other personal vehicles. So, the locals prefer to travel in the buses and trains. It is a positive sign for Wrightbus to consolidate its existing business in the UK market (Capdevielle, Li Nogal 2007). Value Chain/Network analysis: By adopting value chain analysis, wrightbus can strengthen its existing business in the UK market. In this way, the firm can add more values in its products as less consuming fuel parts with more effective aesthetic look, etc (Allee 2008). In this, management of the firm as human resource management, marketing research, inbound outbound logistic, technology and development play a fundamental role to manage the value chain of the products in or outside the firm. It will help the firm to increase success of its existing business in the UK market (Schmitz 2005). Growth Share (BCG) matrix: (Source: BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) GROWTH-SHARE MATRIX 2009) Through adopting BCG matrix, Wrightbus can consolidate its existing business and increase its market share and market growth in the UK market. In this matrix, by using cash in effective manner for generating high market share, the firm can enhance the chances of growth of the business in the UK market. It will be useful for t he firm in the way of getting star position according to the BCG matrix. It will also assist the firm to strengthen its existing business in the UK market through increasing market share and market growth (Boston Consulting Group Growth-Share Matrix 2009). SWOT Analysis: (Source: The SWOT Analysis 2010) By analyzing the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat, Wrightbus can choose and adopt right criteria for consolidating its existing business in the UK market (Bohm 2009). The firm should enhance its strength and address the opportunity in the UK market for consolidating its business in the UK market. Innovation and technological development is the strength of the firm. So, the firm should increase its strength. Following traditional culture to manage the firm is one of the major weaknesses of the firm. So, the firm should minimize its weakness to run the business successfully (Pahl Richter 2009). Expansion of the business is an opportunity for the firm in internati onal market. So, the firm should address and catch this opportunity to consolidate its existing business in the UK market. Competition is a threat for the firm, so, Wrightbus should develop its strategies according to the competitors analysis (Bohm 2009). Part B Develop Operation Activities in United State To develop and enhance the export activities and operations of Wrightbus in the US market, various features are included. These will help the firm to develop its operations and increase market share of the firm in the US market. These are as follow: PESTEL Analysis of US market: In the PESTEL analysis, the firm should identify the environment of the particular country. It will help the firm to adopt and follow appropriate strategies according to the market. These are as follow: Political: The firm should analyze the US market before entering in the market of US. U.S is a demographic country that allows the Constitution-based federal republic type of government for functioning in well manner. In the U.S, capitalistic approach is followed by the firms for running the business. In the U.S market, most of the decisions related to the business are taken by the business honors for running their business (Capdevielle, Li Nogal 2007). So, the firm should follow this approach for developing the business and operations in the U.S market. By adopting or following English common law, Wrightbus can enhance the export and operational activities in the U.S market (The World Fact Book 2010). Economical: United State is one of the powerful economies in the world. In the U.S, per capita income of individual is high. It is a positive sign for Wrightbus Company to start the business and develop its operations in the U.S market to expand its business in the international market. Percentage of people who leave below poverty line is also low in the U.S. So, the firm should develop its strategies according to the economical environment of the U.S market (Burkardt 2010). Social: United State is a third largest country in the population. In the U.S market, customers prefer branded services and products for buying or availing. Quality is more concern rather than price in the U.S market. So, the firm should provide its products according to the customers preferences and tastes. It will help Wrightbus to develop its export activities and operations in the US market (The World Fact Book 2010). Technological: United State is advanced technological country. In the U.S market, mostly people like to travel in the hybrid and most advanced technological buses, trains and other vehicles. So, the firm should produce hybrid and highly technological buses to attract the customers. It will help the firm to enhance the export activities and operations in the US market (Capdevielle, Li Nogal 2007). Environment: In the U.S, there are many rules and policies formulated by the government to protect the environment. So, the firm should adopt many strategies for attracting customers as environmental friendly approach. It will help the firm to establish successfully itself in the U.S market (Burkardt 2010). Legal: In the U.S, English common law is focused by the government to run the business in the U.S market. So, the firm should identify all legal requireme nts in the form of rules and policies before starting business in the U.S market. It will support Wrightbus Company to adopt effective strategies, to increase export activities and operations in the U.S market (The World Fact Book 2010). So, the firm should analyze the macro environment of the U.S market and adopt marketing strategies according to the current trends and governmental policies in the U.S market. It will help Wrightbus to successfully establish itself and increasing export activities and operations in the U.S market in the well structured form. Critical Success Factors: (Source: Culture of Accountability n.d.) The firm should increase knowledge management by using critical success factors model. It will assist the firm to identify those areas that are needed to more improvement. In this, many factors or indicators will be included. These factors are as follow: Leadership Factor: Wrightbus should hire the capable leader that can hold the whole responsibil ity in an effective manner. Leader should take appropriate decisions to run the business in the U.S market (Bluckert 2005). Cultural Factor: Management of Wrightbus should focus on the cultural factor to adopt appropriate strategies to develop the operations in the U.S market through increasing sales and export activities. In this, the firm should produce its products according to the cultural beliefs and values. It will support the management of the firm in the U.S market in terms of increasing operations (Patrick, Rourke Phillips 2007). Management Factors: Management factors indicate to the human resource and other technical support those are important for organizing effectively to run the business in the U.S market. The firm should manage its operations and other ways to increase export activities and operations in the U.S market (Bluckert 2005). Relationship with Stakeholders: To increase export activities and operations in the U.S market, the firm should maintain its relationship with internal and external stakeholders in an effective way. It will enlarge the global image of the firm in the USA market (Patrick, Rourke Phillips 2007). On the basis of above discussion, it is stated that by using critical analysis factor model, Wrightbus can identify best suitable conditions and strategies for enhancing export activities and operations in the U.S market (Bluckert 2005). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is inferred that strategic management plays a crucial role in the success and failure of the firm in the local and international market. As discussed that many factors like, organizational structure, culture and management style of the firms have a great impact on the strategic management of the firm in positive and negative manner. It depends on the way of adopting these factors. Many aspects support the firm to adopt appropriate strategies according to the business environment in the particular country.

Annotated Bibliography Online Privacy - 588 Words

Annotated Bibliography Acquisti, A. Gross, R. (2006). Imagined Communities: Awareness, Information Sharing, and Privacy on the Facebook, Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Robinson College, Cambridge University, UK. Acquisti and Gross point out that the unprecedented growth of online social networks including but not limited to Facebook and MySpace has brought with itself serious security and privacy concerns. In this particular study, the authors found out that privacy issues do not discourage individuals from being members of the network. Further, the authors also found out that even individuals who happen to be rather concerned about their privacy reveal a great deal of their personal information after joining the network. This study is highly relevant to my research as it clearly demonstrates that individuals do not take privacy issues seriously on joining Facebook. As the authors point out, the study in this case secured its support from the CMU Berkman Faculty Development Fund, CMU CyLab and the Data Privacy Laboratory. Thus in addition to being relevant, the study can also be regarded credible. Chen, K. Fadlalla, A. (2009). Online Consumer Protection: Theories of Human Relativism. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Inc (IGI). This book views technology as something that has both advantages and disadvantages. Apart from enhancing communication through the facilitation of information exchange, technology has also brought with itself aShow MoreRelatedEssay Outlne on Cyber Bulying on Social Networks855 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: ESSAY OUTLINE ON CYBER BULLYING ON SOCIAL NETWORKS Cyber Bullying through Social Networks ENGL107-1103B-23 2011 I. Thesis Statement: Social Networks are giving bullies an opportunity to attack individuals online by invading their privacy and creating psychological effects from attacks. 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Kevin Maney claims that most of the data atRead MoreAn Examination On Criteria Of Enterprise System Security3105 Words   |  13 Pageshave admittance to one at home. LITERATURE REVIEW: Writing literature is set up by executing the rules depicted by Bell and Smith (2009) for consideration in this Annotated Bibliography. Relevance: The relevance evaluation surveys whether the writing addresses the examination addresses and is suitable for this Annotated Bibliography. Currency: Once the writing is regarded to be pertinent, the date of production is considered. This study is constrained to works distributed somewhere around 2007 andRead MoreSocial Networks And Its Effect On Our Lives1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthe issues and try to get a scientific, correct and wide accepted answer, but so far, the relationship between social networks and depression has not been interpreted and invested fully. In 2013, Jelenchick and Moreno did their research by using an online survey containing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression screen (PHQ). Finally, they got a different result: they didn’t find evidence supporting a relationship between SNS use and clinical depression in a sample of university students. (JelenchickRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Security and Crime in Cyberspace3308 Words   |  13 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Over the last several years, the issue of IT ethics has been increasingly brought to the forefront. This is because of transformations occurring through rapid advancements and the way various applications are utilized. To fully understand what is taking place requires conducting an annotated bibliography on the subject and the impact it is having on these standards. These findings will highlight the overall scope of the challenges and the long term effects they are having

Government Intervention And The Internet - 1094 Words

Government Intervention in the Internet A growing concern over our privacy online is causing us to seek legislation to protect us. Although this may seem harmless and beneficial for all, there are many valid points as to why the government should not intervene. When it comes to privacy online, the responsibility should be left in the hands of the people that disclose such information in the first place. Government involvement should not be allowed for the sake of our privacy, because it may come at the cost of being censored, losing technical expertise, losing innovation, and DE-unifying the internet. Despite all this, many still argue in favor of government intervention. The majority of the reasons behind anyone that may argue in favor of government intervention is the added protection to our private information from criminals (Jason H.), and the vast amounts of explicit adult media that can be accessed by anyone, especially children. What many may not know is that these problems can be handled by the people. Many popul ar social and banking sites have effective countermeasures to protect the privacy of their users. Although these security systems are robust, the user should be wary that their information may be compromised if not handled correctly. Users should be careful about posting sensitive material on sites that are easily susceptible to security breaches. Changing passwords regularly, avoiding sharing information with strangers and destroying waste files withShow MoreRelatedGovernment Intervention and Internet Regulation2261 Words   |  10 PagesGovernment Intervention and Internet Regulation Internet is a global network that connects millions of computers together and allows people to communicate and share information with each other in an effective and easy way. 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The dark web allows information and data to be gathered and utilized without the user having knowledge as to where the data had come from. Using a proxy makes the user s IP address constantly change so that they cannot be tracked easily. The main argument involving the dark web is if the government should attempt to regulate and monitor the dark web in the effort toRead MoreImpact Of Cybercrime Today : Government And Private Industry Through Information Sharing Methods1354 Words   |  6 Pagesforcing government and security agencies to place focus on cybersecurity within government, private, and public sectors. In 2015, the administration intends to pass legislation to strengthen cybersecurity across the U.S. government and private industry through information sharing methods. Contradictory controversy exists whether the government may dictate how the private industry should carry out their cybersecurity, if so, is it effective? Over the last several years, the government has collaboratedRead MoreRyan Khaghani. Mr. Schaefer . Honors English 10B, Period857 Words   |  4 PagesVersus Privacy The Internet was first used in the nineteen sixties by a small group of technology professionals. Since then the internet has become an essential part of today’s world, from communicating through texts and emails to banking, studying, and shopping, the internet has touched every aspect of our lives. With the growing use of the internet, protecting important information has become a must. While some believe they have the right to privacy, and feel that the government should not be at

How I Learned During The Classroom - 855 Words

While in this class I have learned a lot of valuable information which will be extremely helpful when teaching in the future. Through this course the content, assignments, and format of class have had a great impact on what I learned and how I learned. I feel this class has benefited me and I m thankful I was able to learn and attend. I am also thankful for the relationships I have built with other teachers in the education program because of the peer interaction in this class. The content in this class was great. While studying the theories of education I was able to hear and learn about things I had never heard of before. I didn t know there were different theories. Although the theories were interesting as a whole, I felt I learned the most from the different pedagogical methods from each theory. These methods are essential to remember for teaching and they are also something that should be used in the classroom to help students learn. 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Analyzing Leadership Issues In Woolworths †Myassigmenthelp.Com

Questions: How Much An Effective Leadership Style Would Affect The Performance Of The Employee? What Are The Leadership Issues Which Impact Employee Motivation Within The Business Operations Of Woolworths Limited? What Is A Relationship Between Leadership Style And Employee Performance Into Retail Sector? What Are The Possible Solutions To Improve The Leadership Style Of Leaders? Answers: Introduction The research study is based on analyzing the leadership issues in Woolworths Limited. Woolworths Australia is one of the largest supermarket chains within Australia which are providing fresh food to people. This supermarket of Australia is owned by Woolworth Limited. Vann, Coleman and Simpson (2014) stated that leadership skill would encompass the capability of an individual to lead the workers and entire organization. A better leadership would help an organization to grow in the market with increasing into profitability as well as productivity. A leader helps to set direction, build a vision and create of something innovative to meet its organizational goals (Clarke 2013). Leadership should map where the organization need to go to win a high value in the marketplace. The leader should set direction, use of management skills to inspire and motivate people to go towards right direction for gaining of profitability. This study analyzed the leadership issues in the supermarket and evaluated of new strategies to improve its marketing leadership position in the Australian marketplace. This provides an analysis of the contemporary position of Woolworths due to which its leadership position is affected and forecasted its performance in Australia with recommendations to improve it in the future. Background of the organization Woolworths has its headquarter in New South Wales, Australia and it is operated as a retailer throughout the supermarket, merchandise stores and petrol stations. Their retail products are consisted of fresh food, beverages, petroleum, grocery and others. As this supermarket is mainly based on food products, therefore health of the customers is the main concern of Woolworths. Therefore, leadership skills is required to take right decisions concerning on health of people. One of the main competitors of Woolworth is Coles. However, it is shown that Coles consists of 37 percent of the market share of Australia where Woolworths consists of 43 percent. Therefore, in order to gain more market share, Woolworths should require a great leader who would take proper decisions and inspire others to gain organizational goals (Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2015). From few years, Woolworths was facing management issues such as lack of leadership skills to regain a sustainable sales momentum. Good leader s hould win customer trust and greater share into shopping basket. Figure 1: Logo of Woolworths Limited (Source: Woolworthsgroup.com.au, 2015) Research aims and objectives Retail sector are competitive especially the supermarket and to gain a competitive advantage into the marketplace the retail organization needs of good leader helps to gain market share and implement of new strategy. The aim of this research is to analyze the leadership practices and aspects into Woolworths Limited. A study on the leadership issues is conducted into a specific organization and country, Woolworths Limited as well as Australia respectively. Mostly, the study is analyzed the impacts of lack of leadership skills on level of employee motivation into Woolworths Limited. This research study provides a critique as well as application of the current theories of leadership. It also develops of leadership concepts and also theories to analyze the selected research topic. The aim is to evaluate of recent leadership theories which are developed by the researchers. This study is mainly about the effect of the leadership style on the performance of employee. Following are the resea rch objectives: To identify of leadership issues that impact the level of employee motivation To explore of relationships between leadership style as well as employee performance To analyze the significance of the leadership style into performance of employee To develop of leadership model that shows a relationship among leadership style as well as employee performance To provide solution to the identified leadership issues and provide proper recommendations for futur Identification of Leadership Issues that impact the level of employee motivation Aydin, Sarier and Uysal (2013) stated that a leaderships is a process which can direct and influence the behaviour of the others towards accomplishment of gaols. () suggested that a leader should deal with organizational changes and focused on long term goals achievement. CEO of Woolworths, Bradford Banducci was being criticised for its poor trading performance. The supermarket is delayed into entering of convenience stores sector as well as set up of their online operations in selling of food. Du et al. (2013) demonstrated that there are challenges into retail industry due to streamlining the management team. Arnold et al. (2015) believed that an innovative marketing strategy will help Woolworths to proper into competitive market. It helps to enable of faster decisions throughout streamlined structures where the colleagues are empowering under the leadership roles. Collaboration among the team members also help into achieving of competitive advantage. Sometimes, the senior business leaders are caused delay in responding with the solutions which becomes out of date (Nanjundeswaraswamy and Swamy 2014). The main challenges that a store manager faces when they are successful into managing of stores include of managing a higher employer rate of turnover, delivery of quality services for the customers, increase into profit margin and reduction of inventory shrinkage. Leadership consists of many aspects like worker motivation, strategic planning and change management (Anderson and Sun 2017). In an attempt to cover all those aspects of the leadership in this single research will result into a poor research study. Keskes (2014) stated that most of the retail organizations are required of strong leadership style which would stimulate the performance of employee. The retail organization, such as Woolworths Limited faces problems such as poor innovation, lower productivity and inability to achieve the performance targets. Those all identified problems are happened due to lack of strategic leadership style of the leaders (Choudhary, Akhtar and Zaheer 2013). It will affect the performance of the employee as they are not motivated towards their work and organizational goals. Therefore, there is a requirement of effective leader those can lead people to become more effective in the work. Leadership theories will help to understand the concept more accurately. Figure 2: Key elements of leadership (Source: Choudhary, Akhtar and Zaheer 2013, pp-437) Effective leadership style would affect the performance of the employee The research work is being designed to study the impact of the leadership style on the performance of the employee within Woolworths Limited. In order to achieve of objectives as well as goals, there should be a higher relationship among the leader as well as workers. Therefore, productivity should be increased within the supermarket which is based on higher performance of employee dependent on leadership style. Roueche, Baker and Rose (2014) categorized of various leadership style which is explained on scale to range from automatic throughout democratic to show the degree of authority as well as decision makers to make the power of leaders as well as employees. Ejere and Abasilim (2013) demonstrated that leadership style is involved of all the members of team to identify of required goals and develop strategies for reaching the organizational goals. This particular research study is explored to transformational and transactional leadership style and it discusses the impact of the em ployee towards the leaders and their performance into the retail sector in Australia. Transformational leadership: In this type of leadership, the leaders are motivated the employees to exceed the expectations. The leader leads the employees by offering an organizational vision. The leaders of Woolworths Limited have lack of transformational leadership style that would affect the employee motivation and performance. Dumdum, Lowe and Avolio (2013) introduced that transformational leader should modify the attitudes of the employees. According to Shahhosseini, Silong and Ismaill (2013), transformational leaders should help the followers to gain organizational goals. The followers are encouraged by influencing the beliefs, attitudes, behaviour as well as organizational values. The employees are developed of trust as well as respect towards the leader and it wills to display of unexpected behaviour to execute the expectations of leader. Transactional leadership: Breevaart et al. (2014) mentioned that this leadership style is that when the leaders are concerned on the achieving of the goals. The employees are rewarded to accomplish of the tasks. The leaders are more concerned towards the finish of the task and the employees performance. Both positive as well as negative reinforcements are to be achieved required results. Tyssen, Wald and Spieth (2014) criticized two of the dimensions for this type of leadership style such as contingent reward as well as expectation of management. Odumeru and Ogbonna (2013) stated that contingent reward is that the leaders use of rewards as well as promotion to give required results from the followers. Management expectation means the leaders are taking of correct actions when there is no control over the situations. The leaders should have anticipation behaviour. Laissez faire leadership: The leaders should avoid of making decisions. They are unwilling to take of proper actions and avoid of the situations. The leaders are not providing feedback to the followers (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). The employees are not satisfied, unproductive as well as incompetent in the work. Therefore, they are not motivated to work. Figure 3: Theoretical model of leadership style (Source: Tyssen, Wald and Spieth 2014, pp-370) Relationship between leadership style and employee performance into retail sector McCleskey (2014) stated that there is a relationship between leadership style as well as employee performance. Van Knippenberg and Sitkin (2013) argued that in another study it is seen that there is a positive correlation among the leadership style as well as employee performance that leads to job satisfaction. The retail manager of Woolworths should have leadership qualities so that they can gain as well as achieve the organizational outcomes. The leadership style influences the employee performance both internally and also externally (Tseng 2017). Transformational leadership style results into willingness of the employees towards the desired organizational goals. While observing the employee performance and their job satisfaction in context of the leadership, some of the predictions are being derived. Transformational leaders should foster towards the job satisfaction due to sense of ownerships (Birasnav 2014). They encourage the freedom of the employees and teach them their respon sibilities. Northouse (2015) analyzed that the leaders encourage the development of the employees, therefore the employees feel that their leaders are take care of them. In case of the transformational leaders, the reward system is not good. Therefore, the employees think that transactional leaders are better in this case as they provide a good reward and incentive system. Price and Weiss (2013) argued that the managers are more satisfied to those managers who are supportive. The employees are expected of good guidance and support from their supervisor, when it helps them to take any decisions. From the entire study, it is analyzed that the employee retention is higher in case of transactional leadership as comparison to the transformational leadership (Antonakis and House 2014). This transformational leadership style helps the employees to develop their skills by increasing of job satisfaction as well as organizational commitment. Therefore, most of the employees like the transactional leaders. Possible solutions to improve employee motivation using motivational theories McGregor Theory X and theory Y is the best human motivation and management theories. This particular theory is applied by the managers in development of motivational factors used to motivate the employees towards their work. Lussier and Achua (2015) stated that theory X is analyzed the importance of the supervision, external rewards as well as penalties. According to this theory, the employees of Woolworths Limited should provide with financial incentives so that they should be motivated to work. As under this theory, it is assumed that the employees are lazy and they are not interested to work (Turnnidge and Ct 2016). Therefore, rewards as well as punishments are the best thing to motivate the workers. Based on this theory, the employees are not wish to work and take work related responsibility. On the other hand, theory Y is analyzed on the motivational role for satisfaction towards the job and encourages the employees to do their respective tasks without supervision. People are ha ppy to work and they are already motivated towards their work (Roueche, Baker and Rose 2014). Therefore, there is no need of rewards as well as punishments of employees as they are already willing to work. According to this theory, the employees can achieve their goals by focused on efforts on the organizational objectives. Herzbergs hygiene model is another motivational theory which is based on two factors and therefore it is also a two factor theory. From the findings of this factor, it is analyzed that job are related to both satisfaction as well as dis-satisfaction (Shahhosseini, Silong and Ismaill 2013). The goal of this particular theory is to eliminate the factors of dissatisfaction and create of situations towards job satisfaction. The hygiene factors are included of fixing of poor as well as obstructive policies of the company. It provides of effective as well as supportive supervision. The factors create of supporting culture towards respect and dignity of the workers. The other Herzberg factors are related to job enrichment which provides more satisfaction to the workers (Tyssen, Wald and Spieth 2014). It provides an opportunity to achieve organizational goals, recognition of contributions of workers, provider of responsibilities to the team members and providing of opportunities to gain comp etitive advantage throughout interior promotions. Research methodology This particular research study is based on secondary data collection method. Choudhary, Akhtar and Zaheer (2013) guided that the researchers state that descriptive research method is suitable for this study as the information and data are gathered about the present existing condition of the leadership issues within the retail sector, Woolworths Limited. The case studies based on Woolworths are used to collect and investigate the information about the impact of the leadership style on the employee motivation and job satisfaction (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). The purpose of this study is to describe the situation of the organization where and why leadership issues are faced by the management. It exists at time of study and explores of specific phenomenon on the performance of the employees as well as organization. Leadership style provides a significant effect into the business as it affects from the senior towards top management level employees (Roueche, Baker and Rose 2014). It create s an organizational culture which would influence the employees performance in terms to meet with the deadlines of work. The researcher is used of different types of methods on leadership to engage the leaders in the research. Collaborative learning helps to enable the participants to take part into the research study. As leadership is a complex and critical phenomenon, therefore it consists of various dimensions (Vann, Coleman and Simpson 2014). Various journal articles and case study on selected organization is used to gather information on the leadership styles used in the retail sector. Different leadership theories such as McGregor Theory X and theory Y and Herzbergs hygiene model are used to find solutions for the identified leadership issues. Findings From the entire research study, it is found that leadership skill would include the potential of an individual to provide of direct guide to the workers as well as entire retail organization. A better leadership would assist a group to grow up within the marketplace with growing into productivity as well as efficiency. The main leadership issues that a retail manager faces when they are winning into organization management comprise of managing an advanced employer rate of turnover, release of quality services for the customers, enlarge into profit margin as well as lessening of inventory reduction. Productivity should be improved within the supermarket which is found on superior performance of employee dependent relative on the various leadership styles. The employees are required to develop of belief as well as esteem towards the leader and it wills to present of unpredicted behaviour to implement the expectations of leader. The employees are accepted a good leadership as well as su pport from their manger and also supervisor, when it helps them to obtain any decisions. From the entire study, it is analyzed that the employee retention is higher in case of transactional leadership as comparison to the transformational leadership. Management anticipation means the leaders are taking of accurate actions when there is no manage over the situations. The leaders should have expectation behaviour. According to the Theory X and theory Y, the employees of Woolworths Limited should offer with financial incentives so that they should be stimulated to work. As under this theory, it is supposed that the employees are lazy as well as they are not attracted to work. On the other hand, Herzberg hygienic factor, it provides a chance to accomplish of the organizational goals, appreciation of assistances of the workers, supplier of responsibilities to the workers as well as staffs and provided of opportunities to increase of competitive advantage all through the internal promotions. Conclusion It is concluded that a successful working environment is characterized by an open communication at all the levels. An effective manager should always motivate as well as inspire the staffs on individual basis. The management of Woolworths should identify the requirements of their employees and identify the motivational factors. The supermarket is delayed into entering of convenience stores sector as well as set up of their online operations in selling of food due to lack of leadership skills. The management of the supermarket should start an incentive method in which the performance of employees is guided. The staff members should have authority to take possible steps to empower their jobs. Different leaders have different leadership style. The leaders should have authority to take possible decisions regarding the sake of the organization. The study is being focused on explore of different leadership styles into Woolworths to stimulate the performance of employees. It includes of exe cution of various duties, meeting the work deadlines and achievement of organizational goals. From the research methodology, it is observed that secondary data analysis method is used to gather data and information. The data provides that each planner should come up with different strategies and plans that will strategically position within highly competitive and complex business environments. Recommendations Following are some of the recommendations that are suggested to implement a good leadership style into Woolworths Limited: Implement of transactional leadership: Woolworths should empower towards transactional leadership style to motivate their employees. The leaders are concerned on the achieving of the goals. The employees are being rewarded through incentive methods to accomplish of the tasks. The leaders are more concerned towards the finish of the task as well as best performance of employees. Proper leadership style should help to motivate the employees in their job. More employee empowerment: There should be an increase into employee empowerment by development of the teams and measurement of power as well as authority to the employees. Therefore, the employees should ignite of the potentials; feel part of the organization and provide of maximum performance into the organizations. References Anderson, M.H. and Sun, P.Y., 2017. Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need for a new full?rangetheory.International Journal of Management Reviews,19(1), pp.76-96. Antonakis, J. and House, R.J., 2014. Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformationaltransactional leadership theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(4), pp.746-771. Arnold, K.A., Connelly, C.E., Walsh, M.M. and Martin Ginis, K.A., 2015. Leadership styles, emotion regulation, and burnout.Journal of occupational health psychology,20(4), pp.481-490. Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Aydin, A., Sarier, Y. and Uysal, S., 2013. The Effect of School Principals' Leadership Styles on Teachers' Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction.Educational sciences: Theory and practice,13(2), pp.806-811. Birasnav, M., 2014. Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1622-1629. Breevaart, K., Bakker, A., Hetland, J., Demerouti, E., Olsen, O.K. and Espevik, R., 2014. Daily transactional and transformational leadership and daily employee engagement.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), pp.138-157. Choudhary, A.I., Akhtar, S.A. and Zaheer, A., 2013. Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis.Journal of Business Ethics,116(2), pp.433-440. Clarke, S., 2013. Safety leadership: A meta?analytic review of transformational and transactional leadership styles as antecedents of safety behaviours.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,86(1), pp.22-49. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A. and Sen, S., 2013. The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), pp.155-169. Dumdum, U.R., Lowe, K.B. and Avolio, B.J., 2013. A meta-analysis of transformational and transactional leadership correlates of effectiveness and satisfaction: An update and extension. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 39-70). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Ejere, E.I. and Abasilim, U.D., 2013. Impact of transactional and transformational leadership styles on organisational performance: empirical evidence from Nigeria.The Journal of Commerce,5(1), pp.30-41. Keskes, I., 2014. Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future directions.Intangible Capital,10(1). Lussier, R.N. and Achua, C.F., 2015.Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Nelson Education. McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), p.117. Nanjundeswaraswamy, T.S. and Swamy, D.R., 2014. Leadership styles.Advances in management,7(2), p.57. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Odumeru, J.A. and Ogbonna, I.G., 2013. Transformational vs. transactional leadership theories: Evidence in literature.International Review of Management and Business Research,2(2), p.355. Price, M.S. and Weiss, M.R., 2013. Relationships among coach leadership, peer leadership, and adolescent athletes psychosocial and team outcomes: A test of transformational leadership theory.Journal of applied sport psychology,25(2), pp.265-279. Roueche, P.E., Baker III, G.A. and Rose, R.R., 2014.Shared vision: Transformational leadership in American community colleges. Rowman Littlefield. Shahhosseini, M., Silong, A.D. and Ismaill, I.A., 2013. Relationship between transactional, transformational leadership styles, emotional intelligence and job performance.Researchers World,4(1), p.15. Tseng, P.Y., 2017. The Relationships among Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership on Knowledge Sharing and Technology Innovative Behavior: An Empirical Study of Technology RD Team. Turnnidge, J. and Ct, J., 2016. Applying transformational leadership theory to coaching research in youth sport: A systematic literature review.International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, pp.1-16. Tyssen, A.K., Wald, A. and Spieth, P., 2014. The challenge of transactional and transformational leadership in projects.International Journal of Project Management,32(3), pp.365-375. Van Knippenberg, D. and Sitkin, S.B., 2013. A critical assessment of charismaticTransformational leadership research: Back to the drawing board?.Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.1-60. Vann, B.A., Coleman, A.N. and Simpson, J.A., 2014. Development of the Vannsimpco leadership survey: a delineation of hybrid leadership styles.Swiss Business School Journal of Applied Business Research,3, pp.28-38. Woolworthsgroup.com.au (2015).Woolworths Supermarkets - Woolworths Group. [online] Woolworthsgroup.com.au. Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/about-us/our-brands/supermarkets/Woolworths [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017].

Australian Securities and Investments Commission Citigroup

Question: Discuss about the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Citigroup. Answer: Introduction The essential issue which arouse in this case was whether the conditions of a communication of agreement, under which an investment bank have expelled the subsistence of any reasonable connection between the depository and its clients (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2007). It has been contended that, in spite of the subsistence of a section in the communication which has disqualified the continuation of such a association, the bank has violated assured reasonable duty towards its clients by fading to get the knowledgeable approval of the client to do a proprietary trade in the occupation of the targets shares by other section of the bank. The plaintiff moreover has contended that the acquisition, and following transaction, of a section of the bundle of the shares which were being marked, contained insider trading (Australian Securities Investments Commission, 2007). Facts: Citigroup global Markets Australia Pty Ltd was an upper limb of the Citigroup Inc, a global monetary services corporation. Its trade was accomplished all the way through various sections, which included investment collection and deal of equities. In order to carry out its dealing, it holds an Australian financial services license (McCabe, 2007). The workers of Citigroup who works in investment banking were exposed to the secret, and market prone information which is called the hidden side of a business. Additional members of the corporation works in areas such as dealing of equities, were not uncovered to the confidential information, this side is known as the public side. According to the practice of the ordinary marketplace, the corporation has recognized Chinese Walls to control the sequential data. Part of the Public side of the corporation includes the internal house of contracts of the banks for trade and promotion of securities using the finances which were being owned by the bank. It is known as proprietary trading (Hanrahan, 2007). On 19th August 2005, a trader in corporations proprietary trading section grounds the bank to buy over 1 million shares in Patrick Corporation Ltd. This heavy buy and sell drove Patricks share price up considerably (OBrien, 2007). Undiscovered to the dealer, corporations secretive area was recommending Toll Holdings Ltd in relation to a probable conquest effort of Patrick. The conditions of organizations association with Toll were set out in a communication of authorization. However the organization has been assisting Toll since few months, and prominently has efficiently protected the permission to suggest on the takeover (Bright Law, 2016). A private side member of staff exposed that the public side of Citigroup has acquired Patrick shares. The free side was forcefully told to discontinue buying them, but not the motive why. Similarly subsequent to the discussion, the free side dealer sold 20 % of the Patrick shares that had been acquired (Jacobson, 2007). Arguments on behalf of the Plaintiff: The fundamental nature of the inconsistent argument was that the defendant has violated some of the sections of the Australian Financial Services laws in that it has violated a reasonable responsibility payable by it towards the Toll in order to evade argument of concern and responsibility (Allens Linklaters, 2007). The Plaintiff has specifically stated that the said alleged violation of the reasonable duty by the defendant means that: The defendant did not had the sufficient agreements for the organization of the difference of interest that would have arose totally, or in part, related to the actions undertaken by the defendant; or its legislative body in terms of the economic services as part of its trade for the economic services. The defendant was required to put in place the agreements because it was a holder of an Australian Financial Service license issued under Corporations Act 2001; The work amounted to a misleading and deceptive behavior related to financial services, violating the Corporations Act, 2001 and amounted to the Unconscionable Conduct violating the ASIC Act. The applicable provisions related to the financial services laws are the laws under which the plaintiff has been in position in order to carry a Civil Proceedings in the Court for non-conformity. It wanted variety of guidelines from the Court which were being related to the alleged violations, including the declarations that the action of the Defendant was done in violation of law, and injunctions were issued requiring the defendant to take certain measures to fix those violations (Devonshire, 2016). It is significant to note that, in order to formulate plead a case against the defendant, the plaintiff has chosen to argue only that the defendant has violated these statutory bye-laws by being in the situation of infringement of a reasonable obligation owed to by the defendant to Toll. The plaintiff did not make an argument that the defendant has violated the constitutional bye-law in other way. In order to establish that the defendants act of proprietary trading in shares has breached the reasonable duty which it owed to Toll, the plaintiff side has established three major things: The association among the defendant and the Toll was reasonable in character and in accordance with that it was essential to evade any kind of conflict among its private welfare and its responsibility towards Toll; The employment which was commenced by the defendant has produced a clash of benefit and obligation; The Defendant did not have the informed consent of the Toll for the survival of the clash. In order to ascertain the second of these things, the plaintiff has to go one step forward and ascertain that, because it was a reasonable affiliation of the defendant to be paid to the Toll. It was the sense of duty of Citigroup to make all such type of disclosures in relation to the matters which were pertinent to its authorization especially when it was alert about such matters. The plaintiff would like to bring into notice of the court that such a duty was derived by the High Court in the case of Daly v The Sydney Stock Exchange Limited (1986) 160 CLR 371 at 385. In the present case, the issue has been established out of the acquisition made by the public worker of over 1 million shares in the Patrick Corporation at the instance when the secretive staff was performing for defendants clients, Toll, on a projected offer of takeover. The share was bought up by the trader who was working on the desk of trading located in Equity Derivatives, within the equities Division (Barnett,2012). The plaintiff side wants to bring into notice of the court that it does not suggest that the dealer was in ownership of any inside information when he acquired the shares. Though, when the purchases made by the trader became known to the confidential workforce, actions were in use to teach him to impede importing further shares. The plaintiff relies on the actions which were being taken within the defendant company previously when the traders procurement became known to the personal employees as signifying the inadequacies of the Chinese walls to stop the stream of the undisclosed facts from the secretive workforce to the free side. The plaintiff also asserts that the deal made by the trader of the Patrick shares after a chat with the higher authority, comprised insider trading by the defendant in violation of s 1043A of the Corporations Act. It has also asserted that the defendant, being a consultant to Toll on its projected invasion of the shares, has engaged a connection which was, in grave greetings, reasonable. As a reasonable duty, the defendant was grateful not to permit itself to be positioned in a situation of the real or possible variance arising among its responsibility of devotion to Toll and its attention in the proceeds required to be achieved from its dealing in the Shares (Lynch, 2016). It has been submitted that the elementary point made in the proceeding was that if the employment done by an organization such as the defendant in the shares of its clients aim corporation was to be assumed, the establishment needed to get the conversant permission as specified above. It was not adequate, for consent to be given indirectly as the express permission should be obtained. The main focus of the plaintiffs case was that for the segregation of the reasonable relationship in the dispatch of mandate to be efficient, it was serving upon the defendant to illustrate the concentration of the Toll specifically to the effect of elimination. It means that the Toll has allowed the defendant to do business in Patrick shares on its own relation, in probable clash with the welfare of Toll. The Plaintiff also would like to bring into notice the points to the measures pre-dating the implementation of the communication of consent as the part of the case. Though, in the case of United Dominions Corporation Limited v Brian Pty Limited (1985) 157 CLR 1 at 11-12 it was clearly stated that a difficulty has arisen because of its renunciation of a fiduciary relationship pre- dating the genuine implementation of the correspondence of permission. It was also argued by the plaintiff that there were three claims of conflicts such as there was a violation of s 1041H of the Corporations Act; breach of s 12DA of the ASIC Act 2001; and violation of s 12CA of the ASIC Act 2001. Though, all of the three claims depends upon the approval of the arguments made by the plaintiff that the defendant owed a reasonable duty to Toll. At last, the plaintiff made specifically four major claims against Citigroup which were as follows: Infringement of Fiduciary Relationship Citigroup has not stated adequate arrangements in place for managing conflicts Misleading and deceptive behavior was done Insider trading Conclusion: The Court discarded all of defendants claims which were being made by it in regard to the infringement of fiduciary relationship of Toll and Citigroup; insider trading; misleading and deceptive behavior; and agreement for organization of disagreement (Ritchie, 2008). It was accomplished that the defendant was not an untrained confirmation of present practices. After conducting a proper analysis, it was stated that it was a caution of the dangers which were inbuilt in investment banks present practices. The defendant has escaped the sanctions for two major reasons such as: The plaintiff approved that no fiduciary relationship existed between Toll and the defendant prior to the communication of authorization. That appeared to be a weird allowance, given the court originated that pre-contractual dealing among Toll and the defendant which included all of the elements of a fiduciary relationship of counselor the consumer (Will,2012). If the plaintiff has productively argued that a fiduciary relationship existed prior to the mandate letter, then the defendant would still succeeded because Toll gave implied permission to the defendant violating its responsibility, given Tolls understanding in takeovers and investment bank practices. The Court purposely discarded a compliance that fully stated that permission could be implied in all cases where an investment bank advising on a takeover trades in its clients targets shares ( Seeto, 2008). The proposals of law relied upon by the plaintiff was to force an obligation on the defendant to get hold of the articulated consent of Toll to do proprietary dealing were not occupied. The law does not avert a bank from constricting out of, or modifying any reasonable duty. The Plaintiffs analysis of the suitable structure of s 912A (1) (aa) of the Corporations Act is consistent with this. The insider claim which was been alleged against the trader has failed because the trader was not an executive of the defendant corporation and he did not build the belief which was being made by the plaintiff. Another reason for the failure of insider trading aver was that the Chinese walls resistance which was enclosed in s 1043F of the Corporations Act was occupied. On the other hand, the actions which took place within the defendants corporation, shown that the Chinese walls was not as hard as the name implied. Therefore, it was ordered by the court that the application which was made should be dismissed. As the Judge have seen no reason as to why the costs should not follow the event but he would have heard the arguments if both the defendant and the plaintiff desires to challenge for a dissimilar order of the cost. References: Allens Linklaters (2007) The Federal Court has rejected ASIC's charges of conflict of interest and insider trading against Citigroup. Partner Michael Schoenberg (view CV), Lawyer Alex Danne and Articled Clerk Simon Sherwood report. [Online] Allens Linklaters Available from: https://www.allens.com.au/pubs/ldr/cucljun07.htm [Accessed on 12/09/16] Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2007) Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited (ACN 113 114832) (No. 4) [2007] FCA 963 (28 June 2007) [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/cth/FCA/2007/963.html [Accessed on 12/09/16] Australian Securities Investments Commission (2007) Decision in ASIC v Citigroup [Online] Australian Securities Investments Commission Available from: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/media-centre/find-a-media-release/2007-releases/07-171-decision-in-asic-v-citigroup/ [Accessed on 12/09/16] Barnett, K. (2012) Accounting for Profit for Breach of Contract: Theory and Practice [Online] Bloomsbury Publishing Bright Law. (2016) ASIC v Citigroup decision: no conflict and no insider trading [Online] Bright Law Available from: https://www.brightlaw.com.au/financial-services/asic-v-citigroup-decision-no-conflict-and-no-insider-trading/ [Accessed on 12/09/16] Devonshire, P. (2016) Account of Profits for Breach of Fiduciary Duty [Online] Sydney Law Review Available from: https://sydney.edu.au/law/slr/slr_32/slr32_3/Devonshire.pdf [Accessed on 12/09/16] Hanrahan, P.F. (2007) ASIC v Citigroup: Investment banks, conflicts of interest, and Chinese walls [Online] The University of Melbourne Available from: https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/1709837/67-Hanrahan_ _ASIC_v_Citigroup1.pdf [Accessed on 12/09/16] Jacobson, J. (2007) FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Citigroup Global Markets Australia Pty Limited (ACN 113 114 832) (No. 4) [2007] FCA 963. [Online] The Sydney Morning Herald Available from: https://www.smh.com.au/pdf/ASICvCitigroup.pdf [Accessed on 12/09/16] Lynch, A. (2016) Great Australian Dissents [Online] Cambridge University Press McCabe, B. (2007) McCabe, Bernard --- "ASIC v Citigroup and fiduciary obligations" [2007] BondCGeJl 5; (2007) Corporate Governance eJournal (Bond) [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/ElderLRev/2007/5.html [Accessed on 12/09/16] OBrien, J. (2007) Private Equity, Corporate Governance and the Dynamics of Capital Market Regulation [Online] World Scientific. Pp-122-123. Ritchie, T. (2008) ASIC v Citigroup: An Amber Light For Proprietary Trading [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/ElderLRev/2008/2.pdf [Accessed on 12/09/16] Seeto, G. (2008) ASIC v Citigroup - The compliance implications [Online] Clayton UTZ Available from: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2008/january/asic-v-citigroup-the-compliance-implications [Accessed on 12/09/16] Will, S. (2012) How They Got Away with it: White Collar Criminals and the Financial Meltdown [Online] Columbia University Press